The male germ cell gene regulator CTCFL is functionally different from CTCF and binds CTCF-like consensus sites in a nucleosome composition-dependent manner

Epigenetics & Chromatin

Niels Galjart¹  Frank Grosveld¹  Rainer Renkawitz³  Boris Lenhard⁵  M Dolores Delgado²  J Anton Grootegoed⁶  Wilfred van IJcken⁸  Jan Christian Bryne⁵  Michael van der Reijden⁴  Lisa Caesar⁴  Suzanne van de Nobelen⁴  Manuel Rosa-Garrido⁷  Vedran Franke⁵  Philipp Bergmaier³  Sven Dienstbach³  Helen Heath⁴  Marek Bartkuhn³  Widia Soochit⁴  Frank Sleutels⁴ 

[1]Center for Biomedical Genetics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[2]Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-IDICAN, Santander, Spain

[3]Institut für Genetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, 35392, Giessen, Germany

[4]Department of Cell Biology Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam,The Netherlands

[5]Computational Biology Unit, Bergen Center for Computational Science, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008, Bergen, Norway

[6]Department of Reproduction and Development Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[7]Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Santander, Spain

[8]Center for Biomics Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

关键词: Nucleosome;    Genome-wide binding;    Gametogenesis;    CTCFL;    CTCF;   

Others  :  813800
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-8935-5-8

 received in 2012-04-23, accepted in 2012-06-18,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

CTCF is a highly conserved and essential zinc finger protein expressed in virtually all cell types. In conjunction with cohesin, it organizes chromatin into loops, thereby regulating gene expression and epigenetic events. The function of CTCFL or BORIS, the testis-specific paralog of CTCF, is less clear.

Results

Using immunohistochemistry on testis sections and fluorescence-based microscopy on intact live seminiferous tubules, we show that CTCFL is only transiently present during spermatogenesis, prior to the onset of meiosis, when the protein co-localizes in nuclei with ubiquitously expressed CTCF. CTCFL distribution overlaps completely with that of Stra8, a retinoic acid-inducible protein essential for the propagation of meiosis. We find that absence of CTCFL in mice causes sub-fertility because of a partially penetrant testicular atrophy. CTCFL deficiency affects the expression of a number of testis-specific genes, including Gal3st1 and Prss50. Combined, these data indicate that CTCFL has a unique role in spermatogenesis. Genome-wide RNA expression studies in ES cells expressing a V5- and GFP-tagged form of CTCFL show that genes that are downregulated in CTCFL-deficient testis are upregulated in ES cells. These data indicate that CTCFL is a male germ cell gene regulator. Furthermore, genome-wide DNA-binding analysis shows that CTCFL binds a consensus sequence that is very similar to that of CTCF. However, only ~3,700 out of the ~5,700 CTCFL- and ~31,000 CTCF-binding sites overlap. CTCFL binds promoters with loosely assembled nucleosomes, whereas CTCF favors consensus sites surrounded by phased nucleosomes. Finally, an ES cell-based rescue assay shows that CTCFL is functionally different from CTCF.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that nucleosome composition specifies the genome-wide binding of CTCFL and CTCF. We propose that the transient expression of CTCFL in spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes serves to occupy a subset of promoters and maintain the expression of male germ cell genes.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Sleutels et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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