Oral administration of cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone ameliorates cauda equina compression injury in rats

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Inderjit Singh²  Avtar K Singh¹  Fumiyo Matsuda³  Tajinder S Dhammu²  Anandakumar Shunmugavel²  Mushfiquddin Khan² 

[1] Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA;Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, SC, USA;School of Health Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

关键词: Motor function;    Pain;    Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone;    Neuroinflammation;    Cytosolic phospholipase A2;    Cauda equina compression;    Lumbar spinal canal stenosis;   

Others  :  1222002
DOI  :  10.1186/s12974-015-0311-y

 received in 2015-01-09, accepted in 2015-04-28,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-derived proinflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotrienes B4 (LTB4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and free fatty acids (FFA) are implicated in spinal cord injury (SCI) pathologies. Reducing the levels of these injurious bioactive lipid mediators is reported to ameliorate SCI. However, the specific role of the group IVA isoform of PLA2 cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) in lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) due to cauda equina compression (CEC) injury is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of cPLA2 in a rat model of CEC using a non-toxic cPLA2-preferential inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK).

Methods

LSS was induced in adult female rats by CEC procedure using silicone blocks within the epidural spaces of L4 to L6 vertebrae. cPLA2 inhibitor ATK (7.5 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage at 2 h following the CEC. cPLA2-derived injurious lipid mediators and the expression/activity of cPLA2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were assessed. ATK-treated (CEC + ATK) were compared with vehicle-treated (CEC + VEH) animals in terms of myelin levels, pain threshold, and motor function.

Results

ATK treatment of CEC animals reduced the phosphorylation of cPLA2 (pcPLA2) determined by Western blot, improved locomotor function evaluated by rotarod task, and reduced pain threshold evaluated by mechanical hyperalgesia method. Levels of FFA and LPC, along with PGE2 and LTB4, were reduced in CEC + ATK compared with CEC + VEH group. However, ATK treatment reduced neither the activity/expression of 5-LOX nor the expression of COX-2 in CEC + VEH animals. Increased cPLA2 activity in the spinal cord from CEC + VEH animals correlated well with decreased spinal cord as well as cauda equina fiber myelin levels, which were restored after ATK treatment.

Conclusion

The data indicate that cPLA2 activity plays a significant role in tissue injury and pain after LSS. Reducing the levels of proinflammatory and tissue damaging eicosanoids and the deleterious lipid mediator LPC shows therapeutic potential. ATK inhibits cPLA2 activity, thereby decreasing the levels of injurious lipid mediators, reducing pain, improving functional deficits, and conferring protection against LSS injury. Thus, it shows potential for preclinical evaluation in LSS.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Khan et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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