Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda

BMC Veterinary Research

Robert A. Skilton¹  Moses N. Njahira¹  Geoffrey M. Malinga³  Richard Echodu²  Robert Opiro²  Joseph Okello-Onen²  Elizabeth A. Opiyo²  Jack H. P. Nyeko²  Harriet Angwech² 

[1] Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa (BecA), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - Hub, Old Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda;Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland

关键词: Trypanosomiasis;    T. vivax;    T. congolense;    T. brucei s.l;    Risk factors;    ITS-PCR;    Cattle;   

Others  :  1228778
DOI  :  10.1186/s12917-015-0567-6

 received in 2014-09-30, accepted in 2015-09-30,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Livestock trypanosomiasis, transmitted mainly by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina is a major constraint to livestock health and productivity in the sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the prevalence and intensity of trypanosomiasis is important in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections in cattle, and (b) to investigate the reasons for the heterogeneity of the disease in the tsetse infested districts of Amuru and Nwoya, northern Uganda.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2011 to January, 2012. Blood samples were collected from 816 cattle following jugular vein puncture, and screened for trypanosomes by HCT and ITS-PCR. A Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between location, age, sex, and prevalence of trypanosome infections.

Results

Out of the 816 blood samples examined, 178 (22 %) and 338 (41 %) tested positive for trypanosomiasis by HCT and ITS-PCR, respectively. Trypanosoma vivax infection accounted for 77 % of infections detected by ITS-PCR, T. congolense (16 %), T. brucei s.l (4 %) and mixed (T. vivax/ T. congolense/T.brucei) infections (3 %). The risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with cattle age (χ ²   = 220.4, df = 3, P < 0.001). The highest proportions of infected animals were adult males (26.7 %) and the least infected were the less than one year old calves (2.0 %). In addition, the risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with sex (χ ²  = 16.64, df = 1, P < 0.001), and males had a significantly higher prevalence of infections (26.8 %) than females (14.6 %).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections are highly heterogeneous being associated with cattle age, location and sex.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Angwech et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

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