Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in Malakand Valley, District Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Irish Veterinary Journal

Ashfaq Ahmad²  Akash Tariq³  Waheed Murad³  Habib ul Hassan¹ 

[1] Dir Learning Academy Chaman Abad near GPGC Timergara, Dir (L) 18300, Pakistan;Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan

关键词: Livestock;    Traditional knowledge;    Medicinal plants;    Malakand valley;    Ethnoveterinary;   

Others  :  805602
DOI  :  10.1186/2046-0481-67-6

 received in 2013-10-27, accepted in 2014-02-21,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The Malakand valley of District Dir (Lower) is endowed with a diverse plant wealth. Ethnoveterinary knowledge provides the traditional medicines of livestock that are cheaper than standard treatment and are easily accessible.

Methods

The present study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary practices in Malakand valley, District Dir (Lower). Data was collected from February 2012 to January 2013 by interviewing 120 inhabitants through semi-structured questionnaires. Different questions were asked to collect appropriate data regarding the use of plants for livestock treatment. Direct matrix ranking (DMR) was carried out to find out the use diversity of medicinal plants.

Findings

A total of 28 plants belonging to 23 families were collected and identified for the treatment of livestock in the study area. Majority of the plants were collected from wild (68%) habitat and very few from cultivated sources. The leaves (28%) were identified as the major plant part for herbal preparations. The most frequent ailments of livestocks in the study area were stomach disorders and Charmaikh (local disease name). Various ingredients were used along with ethnoveterinary medicines i.e. sugar, flour, milk etc. The elder people of the village had a rich knowledge as compared to the young generation. According to DMR output, Monotheca buxifolia ranked first and Dalbergia sisso and Melia azedarach ranked second due to high multipurpose uses among all species and was found most threatened in the study area.

Conclusion

It has been concluded that the native of the region heavily dependent on medicinal plants for the treatment of variety of livestock ailments. Traditional knowledge always provides a baseline for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation. The documentation of the ethnoveterinary practices in study area was necessary before this precious knowledge is lost forever due to rapid socioeconomic, environmental and technological changes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 ul Hassan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Mondal T: An investigation on ethnoveterinary medicinal plants of Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. J Bio Sci 2012, 1:45-50.
• [2]McCorkle CM, Green EC: Intersectoral health care delivery. Agric Hum 1998, 15:105-114.
• [3]Dilshad SMR, Rehman NU, Ahmad N, Iqbal A: Documentation of ethnoveterinary practices for mastitis in dairy animals in Pakistan. Pak Vet J 2010, 30:167-171.
• [4]Dano AR, Bogh HO: Use of herbal medicines against helminthes in livestock: renaissance of an old tradition. World Anim Rev 1999, 93:60-67.
• [5]Anonymous: Pakistan Livestock Census. Pakistan: Agricultural Census Organization, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics; 2006.
• [6]Mathias E: Ethnoveterinary medicine: harnessing its potential. Vet Bull 2004, 74:27-37.
• [7]Kudi CA: Ethnoveterinary, complementary and low cost treatment and management of working animal. The Challenge of Improving the Transport Animal Welfare in the World, Ways Forward. Workshop Held by World Association for Transport Animal Welfare and Studies (TAWS), Silsoe Research Institute, UK 2003.
• [8]Nfi AN, Mbanya JN, Ndi C, Kameni A, Vabi M, Pingpoh D, Yonkeu S, Moussa C: Ethnoveterinary medicine in the northern provinces of Cameroon. Vet Res Commun 2001, 25:71-76.
• [9]Pal DC: Observations on folklore about plants used in veterinary medicines in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa State. Bot Surv Ind 1980, 22:26-99.
• [10]McCorkle: “Ethnoveterinary medicine R and D and gender in the ITDG/Kenya RAPP. Nairobi, Kenya: Unpublished consultancy report, IT Kenya; 1996.
• [11]Pande CB, Kumar V: A study of immunomodulating action of Zeetress. In Proceeding of Scientific symposium on recent advances in veterinary microbiology. W.B, India: BC KVV Nadia; 1994:53-55.
• [12]Catley and Mohammad AA: Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Sanag region, Somali land (Part II): notes on local methods of treating and preventing livestock diseases. Nomadic Peopl 1996, 39:135-146.
• [13]Kohler-Rollefson I, Rathore HS: Raikas of Rajasthan. LEISA Newsletter 1997, 13(1):36.
• [14]Lans C, Turner N, Khan T, Brauer G, Boepple W: Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2007, 3:11. BioMed Central Full Text
• [15]Heffernan C, Heffernan E, Stem C: Aspects of healthcare among Samburu pastoralists. London: Ethnoveterinary Research and Development. Intermediate technology publications; 1997.
• [16]Wanyama J: Ethnoveterinary knowledge among pastrolists of Samburu, Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 1997, 38:105-112.
• [17]Waihenya RK, Mtambo MMM, Nkwengulila G: Evaluation and efficacy of the crude extract of Aloe secundiflora in chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus. J Ethnopharmacol 2002, 79:299-304.
• [18]Waihenya RK, Mtambo MMM, Nkwengulila G, Minga UM: Efficacy of crude extracts of Aloe secundiflora against Salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chicken in Tanzania. J Ethnopharmacol 2002, 79:317-323.
• [19]Tabuti JRS, Dhillion SS, Lye KA: Ethnoveterinary medicines for cattle (Bos indicus) in Bulamogi County, Uganda: plant species and mode of use. J Ethnopharmacol 2003, 88:279-286.
• [20]Yirga G, Teferi M, Gidey G, Zerabruk S: An ethnoveterinary survey of medicinal plants used to treat livestock diseases in Seharti-Samre district, Northern Ethiopia. Afr J Pl Sci 2012, 6:113-119.
• [21]Jabbar A, Raza MA, Iqbal Z, Khan N: An inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern Punjab (Pakistan). J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 108:152-154.
• [22]Farooq Z, Iqbal Z, Mushtaq S, Muhammad G, Iqbal MZ, Arshad M: Ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of parasitic diseases in livestock in Cholistan desert (Pakistan). J Ethnopharmacol 2008, 118:213-219.
• [23]Dilshad SMR, Rehman N, Iqbal Z, Muhammad G, Iqbal A, Ahmad N: An inventory of the ethnoveterinary practices for reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes, Sargodha district of Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2008, 117:393-402.
• [24]Akhtar MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Lateef M: Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants with particular reference to their use in animals in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Small Ruminant Res 2000, 38:99-107.
• [25]Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Qudoos A: Parasitic Research on Domesticated Animals of Pakistan. Islamabad-Pakistan: A Monograph. Higher Education Commission; 2002.
• [26]Iqbal Z, Lateef M, Ashraf M, Jabbar A: Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifoliain sheep. J Ethnopharmacol 2004, 93:265-268.
• [27]Muhammad G, Khan MZ, Hussain MH, Iqbal Z, Iqbal M, Athar M: Ethnoveterinary practices of owners of pneumatic-cart pulling camels in Faisalabad city (Pakistan). J Ethnopharmacol 2005, 97:241-246.
• [28]Khan N, Ahmad M, Wahab M, Ajiab M, Hussain S: Studies along altitudinal gradient in Monotheca buxifolia forests in Dir (L). Pak J Bot 2010, 42:3029-3038.
• [29]Hazrat A, Shah J, Ali M, Iqbal I: Medicinal value of Ranunculaceae of Dir valley. Pak J Bot 2007, 39:1037-1044.
• [30]Cotton CM: Ethnobotany: Principles and applications Chichester. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.; 1996.
• [31]Yineger H, Kelbessa E, Bekele T, Lulekal E: Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants at Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 112:55-70.
• [32]Ali SI, Qaiser M: Flora of Pakistan. 2010. No 1–215 (1972–2010), Pakistan. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=5 webcite
• [33]Anonymous: Economic Survey of Pakistan. Islamabad–Pakistan: Ministry of Finance, Govt. of Pakistan. Economic Advisor’s Wing; 2003–4.
• [34]Behailu E: Ethnobotanical Study of Traditional Medicinal Plants of Goma Wereda, Jima Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. MSc Thesis, Addia Abeba University; 2010.
• [35]Yousafzai SA, Khan N, Iqbal A, Wahaba M, Siddique F: Ethnoveterinary study of Marghazar valley district Swats, Pakistan. Int J Bio Biotech 2010, 7:273-279.
• [36]Poffenberger M, McGean B, Khare A, Campbell J: Community Forest Economy and Use Pattern: Participatory Rural Apraisal Method in South Gujarat, India. Field Method Manual Volume II. New Delhi, Society for promotion of Wastelands Development; 1992.
• [37]Deeba F: Documentation of ethnoveterinary practices in urban and peri-urban areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faisalabad Pakistan: PhD Thesis, University of Agriculture; 2009.
• [38]Hunde D, Asfaw Z, Kelbessa E: Use and management of Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants by indigenous people in ‘Boosat’, Welenchiti area. Ethiop J Biol Sci 2004, 3:113-132.
• [39]Giday M, Asfaw Z, Woldu Z: Ethnomedicinal study of plants used by Sheko ethnic group of Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 132:75-85.
• [40]Abebe D, Ayehu A: Medicinal Plants and Enigmatic Health Practices of Northern Ethiopia. Ethiopia, B.S.P.E: Addis Ababa; 1993.
• [41]Khan SM, Ahmad H, Ramzan M, Jan MM: Ethnomedicinal plant resources of Shawar valley. Pak J Biol Sci 2010, 10:1743-1746.
• [42]Monteiro MVB, Bevilaqua CML, Palha MDC, Rbraga R, Schwanke K, Rodrigues ST, Alameira O: Ethnoveterinary knowledge of the inhabitants of Marajó Island, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Acta Amazon 2011, 41:233-242.
• [43]Rashid HM, Tanzin R, Gosh KC, Jahan R, Khatun A, Rahmatullah M: An ethnoveterinary survey of medicinal plants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area, Netrakona district, Bangladesh. Adv Nat Appl Sci 2010, 4:10-13.
• [44]Gazzaneo LRS, Lucena RFP, Albuquerque UP: Knowledge and use of medicinal plants by local specialists in a region of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2005, 1:9. BioMed Central Full Text
• [45]Yirga G, Zerabruk S: Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Gindeberet district, Western Ethiopia. South Afr J Bot 2011. doi:10.1016/j.sajb
• [46]Giday M, Teklehaymanot T: Ethnobotanical study of plant used in management of livestock health problems by Afar people of Ada’ar District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2013, 9:18. BioMed Central Full Text