The structure and regulation of the Irish equine industries: Links to considerations of equine welfare

Irish Veterinary Journal

V Duggan¹  SJ More¹  A Hanlon¹  J Collins¹ 

[1]School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

关键词: welfare;    Ireland;    industry;    identification;    horse;    equine;   

Others  :  1149957
DOI  :  10.1186/2046-0481-61-11-746

【 摘 要 】

The equine industries in Ireland are vibrant and growing. They are broadly classified into two sectors: Thoroughbred racing, and sports and leisure. This paper describes these sectors in terms of governance, education and training in equine welfare, and available data concerning horse numbers, identification, traceability and disposal. Animal welfare, and specifically equine welfare, has received increasing attention internationally. There is general acceptance of concepts such as animal needs and persons' responsibilities toward animals in their care, as expressed in the 'Five Freedoms'. As yet, little has been published on standards of equine welfare pertaining to Ireland, or on measures to address welfare issues here. This paper highlights the central role of horse identification and legal registration of ownership to safeguard the health and welfare of horses.

   

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]AATA: Animal Transport Association manual for the transport of live animals. [http://www.aata-animaltransport.org/] webcite 2nd edition. 2007. [Accessed 22 December 2007]
• [2]Animal Aid: A Dead Cert: Vivisection and the horse racing industry. [http://www.animalaid.org.uk/images/pdf/booklets/deadcert.pdf] webciteAnimal Aid Tonbridge, Kent, UK; 2007. [Accessed 22 December 2007]
• [3]Animals' Angels: Transport of horses requirement for "Individual stalls" for long journeys. In Enforcement of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport. Frankfurt, Germany, Animal's Angels; 2007.
• [4]Arluke A, Sanders C: Regarding Animals (Animals, Culture and Society). Philadelphia, Temple University Press; 1996:169-182.
• [5]Borroni A, Canali E: Behavioural problems in Thoroughbred horses reared in Italy. In Proceedings of the 26th Congress of Applied Ethology Edited by Nichelmann M, Wierenga H, Braun S, et al. 1993, 43-46.
• [6]Broom DM: Indicators of poor welfare. British Vet Jounal 1986, 142:524-526.
• [7]Broom DM: Quality of life means welfare: how is it related to other concepts and assessed? Animal Welfare 2007, 16(S):45-53.
• [8]Buckley P, Dunn T, More SJ: Owners' perceptions of the health and performance of Pony Club horses in Australia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2004, 63:121-133.
• [9]Carroll NP: Stereotypies in Irish thoroughbred horses in race training. MSc thesis, Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick 2002.
• [10]Coughlan M: Dail Eireann. [http://historical-debates. oireachtas.ie/D/0625/D.0625.200610170109.html] webciteWritten answers - live exports of horses 2006. [Accessed 22 December 2007]
• [11]DAF: Minister Coughlan announces grants of €1.2 m for animal welfare bodies countrywide. [http://www.agriculture.gov.ie/index. jsp?file=pressrel/2006/244-2006.xml] webcite 2006. [Accessed 22 October 2007]
• [12]DAFF: Guidelines for Council Regulation (EC) no. 1 of 2005 of 22 December 2004 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations concerning the transport of horses. Dublin, DAFF; 2005.
• [13]DAFF: Minister Coughlan announces 25% increase in funding for animal welfare organisations. [http://www.agriculture.gov.ie/index. jsp?file=pressrel/2007/263-2007.xml] webcite 2007. [Accessed 18 December 2007]
• [14]Defra: Livestock movements, identification and tracing: horse passports - questions and answers. [http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/id-move/horses/horses_qa.htm#4] webcite 2008. [Accessed 18 January 2008]
• [15]Department Of Arts Sports & Tourism: Establishment of Horse Sport Ireland. [http://www.dast.gov.ie/publications/release. asp?ID = 1707] webciteDept of Arts, Sport & Tourism 2006. [Accessed 21 October 2007]
• [16]Duggan V: Exotic viral diseases and the current threat to the Irish equine population. Irish Veterinary Journal 2008, 61:116-121.
• [17]EU Commission: Animal welfare. [http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/index_en.htm] webcite 2007. [Accessed 21 November 2007]
• [18]Fahey T, Delaney L: State financial support for horse racing in Ireland. In Budget Perspectives 2007. Dublin,The Economic and Social Research Institution; 2006.
• [19]FAWAC: Animal welfare guidelines for horses, donkeys and ponies. In Dublin Edited by Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council. 2004.
• [20]Federation of Veterinarians of Europe: Stable to table. [http://www.fve.org/papers/pdf/fhph/position_papers/stabletotable.pdf] webcite 2007. [Accessed 21 November 2007]
• [21]Heleski CR, Shelle AC, Nielsen BD, et al.: Influence of housing on weanling horse behavior and subsequent welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2002, 78:291-302.
• [22]Hennessy K, Quinn K: The future of the Irish sport horse industry. University College Dublin, commissioned by the Irish Horse Board; 2007.
• [23]Hennessy KD, Quinn KM, Brophy PO: The importance of the Irish sport horse industry in the development of social capital within a changing rural Ireland. [http://www.agresearchforum. com/publicationsarf/2007/Page%20122.pdf] webciteAgricultural Research Forum 2007. [Accessed 20 December 2007]
• [24]HRI: Annual report 2006. [http://www.goracing.ie/AssetLibrary/Files/HRI/Info/annualreport2006.pdf] webciteHorse Racing Ireland 2006. [Accessed 30 January 2008]
• [25]HRI: Factbook. Horse Racing Ireland 2006.
• [26]HRI: Horse Racing Ireland issues 2007 industry statistics. [http://www.goracing.ie/Content/hri/hrinews.aspx?id=5090] webcite 2008. [Accessed 18 January 2008]
• [27]HIS: Announcement of management positions. [http://www.horsesportireland.ie/pressrelease.html] webcite 2007. [Accessed 21 October 2007]
• [28]IATA: Live Animal Regulations, IATA, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/lar.htm] webcite 2006. [Accessed 22 December 2007]
• [29]IFHA: International agreement on breeding and racing. [http://www.horseracingintfed.com/racingDisplay.asp?section=10] webcitePub International Federation of Horseracing Authorities 2007. [Accessed 1 February 2008]
• [30]Innes L, McBride S: Negative versus positive reinforcement: An evaluation of training strategies for rehabilitated horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2008, 112:357-368.
• [31]Irish Equine Centre[http://www. irish-equine-centre.ie/research.htm] webcite 2007. [Accessed October 18 2007]
• [32]Irish Farriery Registry: The Irish Farriery Authority. [http://www.irishfarrieryauthority.com/IFRaboutus.htm] webcite 2007. [Accessed 18 October 2007]
• [33]MacConnell S: Concern over animals abandoned after Christmas. The Irish Times. Dublin 2007, 4.
• [34]McGreevy PD: The advent of equitation science. The Veterinary Journal 2007, 74:492-500.
• [35]McGreevy PD, French NP, Nicol CJ: The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling. The Veterinary Record 1995, 137:36-37.
• [36]McGreevy PD, Nicol CJ: Physiological and behavioural consequences associated with short-term prevention of crib-biting in horses. Physiology and Behaviour 1998, 65:15-23.
• [37]McInerney J: Animal welfare, economics and policy. In Defra Farm & Animal Health Economics Division. London; 2004.
• [38]Mills DS, Clarke A: Housing, management and welfare. In The welfare of horses. Edited by Waran N. The Netherlands, Springer/Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2007:77-85.
• [39]Morris J: Horse Racing Ireland provides grant of €144,000 to the Irish Horse Welfare Trust. Ireland's Horse Review 2008.
• [40]O'Connor B: Carbery in class of his own. [http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/sport/2007/1203/1196375209804.html] webciteThe Irish Times Dublin; 2007. [Accessed 22 December 2007]
• [41]O'Donoghue J: The Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism at the launch of Horse Sport Ireland, 20/11/2006. [http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/publications/release.asp?ID = 1727] webcite 2006. [Accessed 29 January 2008]
• [42]O'Regan M: Gormley concerned over hunting of tame deer. In The Irish Times. Dublin; 2007:6.
• [43]OIE: Guidelines for animal welfare. [http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_titre_3.7.htm] webciteTerrestrial animal health code 2007. [Accessed 21 November 2007]
• [44]Report of task force on availability of veterinary medicines[http://www.hma.eu/203.html] webcite 2007. [Accessed 28 January 2008]
• [45]Redbo I, Redbo-Torstensson P, Odberg , et al.: Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses. Animal Science 1998, 66:475-481.
• [46]Robinson I: The human-horse relationship: how much do we know? Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 1999, 28:42-45.
• [47]Turf Club Safety Review: report and recommendations: The Irish Turf Club. [http://www.turfclub.ie/site/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid = 39] webcite 2004. [Accessed 28 January 2008]
• [48]Turnbull SN, Abraham DM: The public's opinion regarding the impact of equine passports on the industry. In Applying Equine Science: research into business. Cirencester, UK, BSAS; 2005.
• [49]Vecchiotti GG, Galanti R: Evidence of heredity of cribbing, weaving and stall-walking in Thoroughbred horses. Livestock Production Science 1986, 14:91-95.
• [50]Waran NK: The welfare of horses. The Netherlands, Springer/Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2007:ix.
• [51]Webster AJF: Animal welfare limping towards Eden. Blackwell Science Ltd; 2005.
• [52]Wolfsensohn S, Honess P: Laboratory animal, pet animal, farm animal, wild animal: which gets the best deal? Animal Welfare 2007, 16:117-123.