International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity | |
Describing socioeconomic gradients in children’s diets – does the socioeconomic indicator used matter? | |
James Dollman1  Natalie Parletta3  Kylie Ball2  Dorota Zarnowiecki3  | |
[1] School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;School of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia;School of Population Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia | |
关键词: Sweet drinks; Non-core food; Vegetables; Fruit; Diet; Children; Socioeconomic position; | |
Others : 803813 DOI : 10.1186/1479-5868-11-44 |
|
received in 2013-05-10, accepted in 2014-03-17, 发布年份 2014 | |
【 摘 要 】
Background
Children of low socioeconomic position (SEP) generally have poorer diets than children of high SEP. However there is no consensus on which SEP variable is most indicative of SEP differences in children’s diets. This study investigated associations between diet and various SEP indicators among children aged 9–13 years.
Method
Families (n = 625) were recruited from 27 Adelaide primary schools in 2010. Children completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires providing intake scores for fruit, vegetables, non-core foods, sweetened drinks, and healthy and unhealthy eating behaviours. Parents reported demographic information by telephone interview. Differences in dietary intake scores were compared across parental education, income, occupation, employment status and home postcode.
Results
Across most SEP indicators, lower SEP was associated with poorer dietary outcomes, including higher intake of non-core foods and sweetened drinks, and more unhealthy behaviours; and lower intake of fruit and vegetables, and fewer healthy behaviours. The number and type of significant SEP-diet associations differed across SEP indicators and dietary outcomes. Mother’s education appeared most frequently as a predictor of children’s dietary intake, and postcode was the least frequent predictor of children’s dietary intake.
Conclusion
Socioeconomic gradients in children’s dietary intake varied according to the SEP indicator used, suggesting indicator-specific pathways of influence on children’s dietary intake. Researchers should consider multiple indicators when defining SEP in relation to children’s eating.
【 授权许可】
2014 Zarnowiecki et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20140708050056433.pdf | 259KB | download |
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Rasmussen M, Krølner R, Klepp K, Lytle L, Brug J, Bere E, Due P: Determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption among children and adolescents: a review of the literature. Part I: quantitative studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:22. BioMed Central Full Text
- [2]Stephens LDA, McNaughton SA, Crawford D, MacFarlane A, Ball K: Correlates of dietary resilience amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011, 65:1219-1232.
- [3]Nilsen SM, Krokstad S, Holmen TL, Westin S: Adolescents’ health-related dietary patterns by parental socio-economic position, The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Eur J Public Health 2010, 20:299-305.
- [4]Craig LCA, McNeill G, Macdiarmid JI, Masson LF, Holmes BA: Dietary patterns of school-age children in Scotland: association with socio-economic indicators, physical activity and obesity. Br J Nutr 2010, 103:319-334.
- [5]Ball K, MacFarlane A, Crawford D, Savige G, Andrianopoulos N, Worsley A: Can social cognitive theory constructs explain socio-economic variations in adolescent eating behaviours? A mediation analysis. Health Educ Res 2009, 24:496-506.
- [6]Golley RK, Hendrie GA, McNaughton SA: Scores on the dietary guideline index for children and adolescents are associated with nutrient intake and socio-economic position but not adiposity. J Nutr 2011, 141:1340-1347.
- [7]Shrewsbury V, Wardle J: Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a Systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990–2005. Obesity 2008, 16:275-284.
- [8]Pollitt R, Rose K, Kaufman J: Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2005, 5:7. BioMed Central Full Text
- [9]Hanson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg ME, Story M, Wall M: Associations between parental report of the home food environment and adolescent intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. Public Health Nutr 2005, 8:77-85.
- [10]Cartwright M, Wardle J, Steggles N, Simon AE, Croker H, Jarvis MJ: Stress and dietary practices in adolescents. Health Psychol 2003, 22:362-369.
- [11]Janssen I, Boyce WF, Simpson K, Pickett W: Influence of individual- and area-level measures of socioeconomic status on obesity, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity in Canadian adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:139-145.
- [12]Bunting G, Freeman R: The influence of socio-demographic factors upon children’s breaktime food consumption in North and West Belfast. Health Educ J 1999, 58:401-409.
- [13]Fahlman MM, McCaughtry N, Martin J, Shen B: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in nutrition behaviors: targeted interventions needed. J Nutr Educ Behav 2010, 42:10-16.
- [14]Hallstrom L, Vereecken CA, Ruiz JR, Patterson E, Gilbert CC, Catasta G, Diaz L-E, Gomez-Martinez S, Gonzalez Gross M, Gottrand F, Hegyi A, Lehoux C, Mouratidou T, Widham K, Astrom A, Moreno LA, Sjostrom M: Breakfast habits and factors influencing food choices at breakfast in relation to socio-demographic and family factors among European adolescents. The HELENA Study. Appetite 2011, 56:649-657.
- [15]Inchley J, Todd J, Bryce C, Currie C: Dietary trends among Scottish schoolchildren in the 1990s. J Hum Nutr Diet 2001, 14:207-216.
- [16]Cutler GJ, Flood A, Hannan P, Neumark-Sztainer D: Multiple sociodemographic and socioenvironmental characteristics are correlated with major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2011, 111:230-240.
- [17]Lien N, Lytle LA, Komro KA: Applying theory of planned behavior to fruit and vegetable consumption of young adolescents. Am J Health Promot 2002, 16:189-197.
- [18]Haerens L, Craeynest M, Deforche B, Maes L, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I: The contribution of psychosocial and home environmental factors in explaining eating behaviours in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008, 62:51-59.
- [19]Sandvik C, Gjestad R, Samdal O, Brug J, Klepp K-I: Does socio-economic status moderate the associations between psychosocial predictors and fruit intake in schoolchildren? The Pro Children study. Health Educ Res 2010, 25:121-134.
- [20]Liberatos P, Link B, Kelsey J: The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988, 10:87-121.
- [21]Lallukka T, Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Roos E, Lahelma E: Multiple socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007, 61:701-710.
- [22]Vereecken CA, Inchley J, Subramanian SV, Hublet A, Maes L: The relative influence of individual and contestual socio-economic status on consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2005, 15:224-232.
- [23]Sweeting H, West P: Dietary habits and children’s family lives. J Hum Nutr Diet 2005, 18:93-97.
- [24]Galobardes B, Morabia A, Bernstein MS: Diet and socioeconomic position: does the use of different indicators matter? Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30:334-340.
- [25]Turrell G, Hewitt B, Patterson C, Oldenburg B: Measuring socio-economic position in dietary research: is choice of socio-economic indicator important? Public Health Nutr 2003, 6:191-200.
- [26]Geyer S, Hemström Ö, Peter R, Vågerö D: Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006, 60:804-810.
- [27]Wilson A, Magarey A, Mastersson N: Reliability and relative validity of a child nutrition questionnaire to simultaneously assess dietary patterns associated with positive energy balance and food behaviours, attitudes, knowledge and environments associated with healthy eating. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008, 5:5-17. BioMed Central Full Text
- [28]Vereecken CA, Maes L: A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children food-frequency questionnaire. Public Health Nutr 2003, 6:581-588.
- [29]Andersen LF, Bere E, Kolbjornsen N, Klepp KI: Validity and reproducibility of self-reported intake of fruit and vegetable among 6th graders. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004, 58:771-777.
- [30]Hannon P, Bowen D, Moinpour C, McLerran D: Correlations in perceived food use between the family food preparer and their spouses and children. Appetite 2003, 40:77-83.
- [31]Australian Bureau of Statistics: Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) First Edition ABS Cat. No. 1220.0. Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2006.
- [32]Magidson J: Correlated component regression: a prediction/classification methodology for possibly many features. In American Statistical Association Proceedings. : American Statistical Association; 2010.
- [33]Department of Health and Ageing: The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Canberra: ACT: Australian Government; 2010.
- [34]Ambrosini GL, Oddy WH, Robinson M, O’Sullivan TA, Hands BP, de Klerk NH, Silburn SR, Zubrick SR, Kendall GE, Stanley FJ, Beilin LJ: Adolescent dietary patterns are associated with lifestyle and family psycho-social factors. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12:1807-1815.
- [35]Bere E, van Lenthe F, Klepp K-I, Brug J: Why do parents’ education level and income affect the amount of fruits and vegetables adolescents eat? Eur J Public Health 2008, 18:611-615.
- [36]Kristjansdottir AG, Thorsdottir I, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Due P, Wind M, Klepp KI: Determinants of fruit and vegetable intake among 11-year-old schoolchildren in a country of traditionally low fruit and vegetable consumption. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:41-49. BioMed Central Full Text
- [37]De Irala-Estevez J, Groth M, Johansson L, Oltersdorf U, Prattala R, Martinez-Gonzalez M: A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000, 54:706-714.
- [38]Giskes K, Turrell G, Patterson C, Newman B: Socioeconomic differences among Australian adults in consumption of fruit and vegetables and intakes of vitamins A, C and folate. J Hum Nutr Diet 2002, 15:375-385.
- [39]Lien N, Lytle L, Klepp K: Stability in consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugary foods in a cohort from age 14 to age 21. Prev Med 2001, 33:217-226.
- [40]Brug J, Debie S, van Assema P, Weijts W: Psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption among adults: Results of focus group interviews. Food Qual Prefer 1995, 6:99-107.
- [41]Heimendinger J, Van Duyn MA: Dietary behavior change: the challenge of recasting the role of fruit and vegetables in the American diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 61:1397S-1401S.
- [42]Williams L, Ball K, Crawford D: Why do some socioeconomically disadvantaged women eat better than others? An investigation of the personal, social and environmental correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption. Appetite 2010, 55:441-446.
- [43]Cohen RY, Brownell KD, Felix MR: Age and sex differences in health habits and beliefs of schoolchildren. Health Psychol 1990, 9:208-224.
- [44]O’Dea JA, Caputi P: Association between socioeconomic status, weight, age and gender, and the body image and weight control practices of 6- to 19-year-old children and adolescents. Health Educ Res 2001, 16:521-532.
- [45]Wardle J, Haase A, Steptoe A, Nillapun M, Jonwutiwes K, Bellisie F: Gender differences in food choice: the contribution of health beliefs and dieting. Ann Behav Med 2004, 27:107-116.
- [46]De Bourdeaudhuij I: Family food rules and healthy eating in adolescents. J Health Psychol 1997, 2:45.
- [47]Aranceta J, Perez-Rodrigo C, Ribas L, Serra-Majem L: Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003, 57(Suppl 1):S40-S44.
- [48]Ball K, Crawford D: Socio-economic factors in obesity: a case of slim chance in a fat world? Review article. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006, 15:15-20.
- [49]Parmenter K, Waller J, Wardle J: Demographic variation in nutrition knowledge in England. Health Educ Res 2000, 15:163-174.
- [50]Hendrie GA, Coveney J, Cox D: Exploring nutrition knowledge and the demographic variation in knowledge levels in an Australian community sample. Public Health Nutr 2008, 11:1365-1372.
- [51]Hupkens CLH, Knibbe RA, Drop MJ: Social class differences in food consumption: The explanatory value of permissiveness and health and cost considerations. Eur J Public Health 2000, 10:108-113.
- [52]Zarnowiecki D, Sinn N, Petkov J, Dollman J: Parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes as predictors of 5–6-year-old children’s healthy food knowledge. Public Health Nutr 2011, 15:1284-1290.
- [53]Gibson EL, Wardle J, Watts CJ: Fruit and vegetable consumption, nutritional knowledge and beliefs in mothers and children. Appetite 1998, 31:205-228.
- [54]Variyam J, Blaylock J, Lin B, Ralston K, Smallwood D: Mother’s nutrition knowledge and children’s dietary intakes. Am J Agr Econ 1999, 81:373-384.
- [55]Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Story M, Croll J, Perry C: Family meal patterns: Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and improved dietary intake among adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2003, 103:317-322.
- [56]Hawkins SS, Cole TJ, Law C: Examining the relationship between maternal employment and health behaviours in 5-year-old British children. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009, 63:999-1004.
- [57]Kettings C, Sinclair AJ, Voevodin M: A healthy diet consistent with Australian health recommendations is too expensive for welfare-dependent families. Aust N Z J Public Health 2009, 33:566-572.
- [58]Tsang A, Ndung’U M, Coveney J, O’Dwyer L: Adelaide healthy food basket: A survey on food cost, availability and affordability in five local government areas in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Nutr Diet 2007, 64:241-247.
- [59]Giskes K, Van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, Mackenbach JP, Turrell G: Socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing: The contribution of respondent-perceived and actual (objectively measured) price and availability of foods. Prev Med 2007, 45:41-48.
- [60]Turrell G, Hewitt B, Patterson C, Oldenburg B, Gould T: Socioeconomic differences in food purchasing behaviour and suggested implications for diet-related health promotion. J Hum Nutr Diet 2002, 15:355.
- [61]McGee BB, Johnson GS, Yadrick MK, Richardson V, Simpson PM, Gossett JM, Thornton A, Johnson C, Bogle ML: Food Shopping Perceptions, Behaviors, and Ability to Purchase Healthful Food Items in the Lower Mississippi Delta. J Nutr Educ Behav 2011, 43:339-348.
- [62]Giskes K, Turrell G, Patterson C, Newman B: Socio-economic differences in fruit and vegetable consumption among Australian adolescents and adults. Public Health Nutr 2002, 5:663-669.
- [63]Inglis V, Ball K, Crawford D: Why do women of low socioeconomic status have poorer dietary behaviours than women of higher socioeconomic status? A qualitative exploration. Appetite 2005, 45:334-343.
- [64]Sallis JF, Glanz K: The role of built environments in physical activity, eating, and obesity in childhood. Futur Child 2006, 16(1):89-108.
- [65]Jago R, Baranowski T, Baranowski J, Cullen K, Thompson D: Distance to food stores & adolescent male fruit and vegetable consumption: mediation effects. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2007, 4:35. BioMed Central Full Text
- [66]Timperio A, Ball K, Roberts R, Campbell K, Andrianopoulos N, Crawford D: Children’s fruit and vegetable intake: associations with the neighbourhood food environment. Prev Med 2008, 46:331-335.
- [67]Franco M, Diez Roux AV, Glass TA, Caballero B, Brancati FL: Neighborhood characteristics and availability of healthy foods in Baltimore. Am J Prev Med 2008, 35:561-567.
- [68]Moore L, Diez Roux A: Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores. Am J Public Health 2006, 96:325-331.
- [69]Moore LV, Diez Roux AV, Nettleton JA, Jacobs DR: Associations of the local food environment with diet quality—a comparison of assessments based on surveys and geographic information systems. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167:917-924.
- [70]Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A, Poole C: Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med 2002, 22:23-29.
- [71]Powell LM, Slater S, Mirtcheva D, Bao Y, Chaloupka FJ: Food store availability and neighborhood characteristics in the United States. Prev Med 2007, 44:189-195.
- [72]Ball K, Timperio A, Crawford D: Neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in food access and affordability. Health Place 2009, 15:578-585.
- [73]Thornton LE, Crawford DA, Ball K: Neighbourhood-socioeconomic variation in women’s diet: the role of nutrition environments. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010, 64:1423-1432.
- [74]Winkler E, Turrell G, Patterson C: Does living in a disadvantaged area mean fewer opportunities to purchase fresh fruit and vegetables in the area? Findings from the Brisbane food study. Health Place 2006, 12:306-319.
- [75]Turrell G, Giskes K: Socioeconomic disadvantage and the purchase of takeaway food: A multilevel analysis. Appetite 2008, 51:69-81.
- [76]Reidpath D, Burns C, Garrard J, Mahoney M, Townsend M: An ecological study of the relationship between social and environmental determinants of obesity. Health Place 2002, 8:141-145.
- [77]Berg C, Jonsson I, Conner MT, Lissner L: Sources of bias in a dietary survey of children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998, 52:663-667.
- [78]Turrell G, Patterson C, Oldenburg B, Gould T, Roy M-A: The socio-economic patterning of survey participation and non-response error in a multilevel study of food purchasing behaviour: area- and individual-level characteristics. Public Health Nutr 2003, 6:181-189.
- [79]Baranowski T, Domel SB: A cognitive model of children’s reporting of food intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59:212S-212S.