Unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis as prostatic and paraprostatic cysts in a dog

BMC Veterinary Research

Carla Rohrer Bley⁴  Felix Grimm⁵  Judith Howard³  Maja Rütten²  Karolin Kühn¹  Caroline A Geigy⁴ 

[1] Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;Institute for Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

关键词: Dog;    Canine alveolar echinococcosis;    PCR;    Radiology;    Cytology;    Paraprostatic cysts;    Prostatic cyst;    Echinococcus multilocularis;   

Others  :  1119479
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-6148-9-159

 received in 2013-02-25, accepted in 2013-08-08,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus multilocularis. The domestic dog can act as a definitive host and harbor adult cestodes in its small intestine or become an aberrant intermediate host carrying larval stages that may cause severe lesions in the liver, lungs and other organs with clinical signs similar to AE in humans.

Case presentation

A case of canine AE, affecting the liver and prostate with development of multilocular hydatid paraprostatic cysts and possible lung involvement is described in an 8–year-old neutered male Labrador retriever dog.

The dog presented with progressive weight loss, acute constipation, stranguria and a suspected soft tissue mass in the sublumbar region. Further evaluation included computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen, which revealed cystic changes in the prostate, a paraprostatic cyst, as well as lesions in the liver and lungs. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates of the liver, prostate and paraprostatic cyst revealed parasitic hyaline membranes typical of an Echinococcus infection and the presence of E. multilocularis-DNA was confirmed by PCR.

The dog was treated with albendazole and debulking surgery was considered in case there was a good response to antiparasitic treatment. Constipation and stranguria resolved completely. Six months after the definitive diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to treatment-resistant ascites and acute anorexia and lethargy.

Conclusions

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first publication of an E. multilocularis infection in a dog causing prostatic and paraprostatic cysts. Although rare, E. multilocularis infection should be considered as an extended differential diagnosis in dogs presenting with prostatic and paraprostatic disease, especially in areas where E. multilocularis is endemic.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Geigy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Eckert J, Deplazes P: Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004, 17(1):107-135.
• [2]Eckert J, Deplazes P: Alveolar echinococcosis in humans: the current situation in Central Europe and the need for countermeasures. Parasitol Today 1999, 15(8):315-319.
• [3]Deplazes P, Alther P, Tanner I, Thompson RC, Eckert J: Echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fox, dog, and cat populations. J Parasitol 1999, 85(1):115-121.
• [4]Umhang G, Raton V, Comte S, Hormaz V, Boucher JM, Combes B, Boue F: Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs from two French endemic areas: No evidence of infection but hazardous deworming practices. Vet Parasitol 2012, 188(3–4):301-305.
• [5]Dyachenko V, Pantchev N, Gawlowska S, Vrhovec MG, Bauer C: Echinococcus multilocularis infections in domestic dogs and cats from Germany and other European countries. Vet Parasitol 2008, 157(3–4):244-253.
• [6]Gottstein B, Saucy F, Deplazes P, Reichen J, Demierre G, Busato A, Zuercher C, Pugin P: Is high prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild and domestic animals associated with disease incidence in humans? Emerg Infect Dis 2001, 7(3):408-412.
• [7]Sager H, Moret Ch S, Grimm F, Deplazes P, Doherr MG, Gottstein B: Coprological study on intestinal helminths in Swiss dogs: temporal aspects of anthelminthic treatment. Parasitol Res 2006, 98(4):333-338.
• [8]Deplazes P, van Knapen F, Schweiger A, Overgaauw PA: Role of pet dogs and cats in the transmission of helminthic zoonoses in Europe, with a focus on echinococcosis and toxocarosis. Vet Parasitol 2011, 182(1):41-53.
• [9]Deplazes P, Eckert J: Veterinary aspects of alveolar echinococcosis–a zoonosis of public health significance. Vet Parasitol 2001, 98(1–3):65-87.
• [10]Ammann REJ, Eckert J: Clinical diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis in humans. In Echinococcus and Hydatitd Disease. edn. Edited by Thompson RCA, Lymbery A. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International; 1995:411-463.
• [11]Stieger C, Hegglin D, Schwarzenbach G, Mathis A, Deplazes P: Spatial and temporal aspects of urban transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitology 2002, 124(Pt 6):631-640.
• [12]Weiss AT, Bauer C, Kohler K: Canine alveolar echinococcosis: morphology and inflammatory response. J Comp Pathol 2010, 143(4):233-238.
• [13]Nunnari G, Pinzone MR, Gruttadauria S, Celesia BM, Madeddu G, Malaguarnera G, Pavone P, Cappellani A, Cacopardo B: Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. World J Gastroentero : WJG 2012, 18(13):1448-1458.
• [14]Peregrine AS, Jenkins EJ, Barnes B, Johnson S, Polley L, Barker IK, De Wolf B, Gottstein B: Alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in the liver of a Canadian dog in British Columbia, a newly endemic region. Can Vet J 2012, 53(8):870-874.
• [15]Brosinski K, Gutbrod A, Venzin C, Grest P: What is your diagnosis? Peritoneal fluid from a dog with abdominal pain. Vet Clin Path/Am Soc Vet Clin Pathol 2012, 41(2):297-298.
• [16]Scharf G, Deplazes P, Kaser-Hotz B, Borer L, Hasler A, Haller M, Fluckiger M: Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic appearance of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasoun : Offic J Am Coll Vet Radiol Int Vet Radiol Assoc 2004, 45(5):411-418.
• [17]Sasaki F, Ohkawa Y, Sato N, Uchino J, Hata Y: Imaging diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in young patients. Pediatr Radiol 1997, 27(1):63-66.
• [18]Czermak BV, Unsinn KM, Gotwald T, Waldenberger P, Freund MC, Bale RJ, Vogel W, Jaschke WR: Echinococcus multilocularis revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001, 176(5):1207-1212.
• [19]Reuter S, Nussle K, Kolokythas O, Haug U, Rieber A, Kern P, Kratzer W: Alveolar liver echinococcosis: a comparative study of three imaging techniques. Infection 2001, 29(3):119-125.
• [20]Eckert J, Gemmell M, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS: WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Human and Animals. Paris, France: World Organization for Animal Health; 2001. [A Public Health Problem of Global Concern]
• [21]Charyev M, Charyev BL: Echinococcosis of the prostate. Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1988, 5:53-54.
• [22]Bickers WM: Hydatid disease of the female pelvis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970, 107(3):477-483.
• [23]Halim A, Vaezzadeh K: Hydatid disease of the genitourinary tract. Br J Urol 1980, 52(2):75-78.
• [24]Bellil S, Limaiem F, Bellil K, Chelly I, Mekni A, Haouet S, Kchir N, Zitouna M: Descriptive epidemiology of extrapulmonary hydatid cysts: a report of 265 Tunisian cases. La Tunisie Med 2009, 87(2):123-126.
• [25]Nouira Y, Binous MY, Nouira K, Mekni A, Kallel Y, Fitouri Z, Sallami S, Horchani A: Intraprostatic hydatid cyst: an unusual presentation. Sci World J 2006, 6:2315-2318.
• [26]Agarwal R, Gupta R, Bhaskar A, Sharma A, Thulkar S, Kumar L: Synchronous presentation of multiple myeloma and lung cancer. J Clin Oncol: Offic J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2008, 26(35):5814-5816.
• [27]Deklotz RJ: Echinococcal cyst involving the prostate and seminal vesicles: a case report. J Urology 1976, 115(1):116-117.
• [28]Houston W: Primary hydatid cyst of the prostate gland. J Urology 1975, 113(5):732-733.
• [29]Foster RL, PW : Prostate and bulbourethral glands. In Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of domestic animals. 5th edition. Edited by Maxie M. London: Elsevier, Saunders; 2007:605.
• [30]Closa J, Font A, Mascort J: What is your diagnosis? Paraprostatic cyst in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 1995, 36(3):114. 136
• [31]Head LL, Francis DA: Mineralized paraprostatic cyst as a potential contributing factor in the development of perineal hernias in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002, 221(4):533-535. 500
• [32]Weaver AD: Discrete prostatic (paraprostatic) cysts in the dog. Vet Rec 1978, 102(20):435-440.
• [33]White RAS, Herrtage M, Dennis R: The diagnosis and management of paraprostatic retention cysts in the dog. J Small Anim Prct 1987, 28:551-574.
• [34]Zekas LJ, Forrest LJ, Swainson S, Phillips LA: Radiographic diagnosis: mineralized paraprostatic cyst in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasoun: Offic J Am Coll Vet Radiol Int Vet Radiol Assoc 2004, 45(4):310-311.
• [35]Goodrich ZJ, Wilke VL, Root Kustritz MV: Two cases of paraprostatic cysts in castrated male dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011, 47(6):e195-198.