“Shark is the man!”: ethnoknowledge of Brazil’s South Bahia fishermen regarding shark behaviors

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Eraldo Medeiros Costa-Neto¹  Daniela Trigueirinho Alarcon³  Alexandre Schiavetti²  Márcio Luiz Vargas Barbosa-Filho⁴ 

[1] Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina S/N, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil;Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (DCAA), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil;Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil;Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

关键词: Northeast Brazil;    Artisanal fishing;    Rhincodon typus;    Elasmobranchs;   

Others  :  1146357
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-4269-10-54

 received in 2013-10-22, accepted in 2014-06-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Fishermen’s knowledge is a source of indispensable information in decision-making processes related to efforts to stimulate the management and conservation of fishing resources, especially in developing countries. This study analyzed the knowledge of fishermen from three municipal areas of Bahia in northeast Brazil regarding the behavior repertoire of sharks and the possible influence that these perceptions may have on the inclination to preserve these animals. This is a pioneering study on the ethnobiological aspects of elasmobranchs in Brazil.

Methods

Open, semi-structured interviews with shark fishing specialists were conducted between September 2011 and October 2012. The interviews addressed the fishermen’s profile, fishing techniques and knowledge about sharks, focusing on the behaviours exhibited by sharks. The data were analysed with quantitative approach and conducted with the use of descriptive statistical techniques.

Results

Sixty-five fishermen were interviewed. They descend from the rafting subculture of Brazil’s northeast, which has historically been disregarded by public policies addressing the management and conservation of fishing resources. The fishing fleet involved in shark fishing includes rafts, fishing boats and lobster boats equipped with fishing lines, gillnets, longlines and “esperas”. The informers classified sharks’ behaviour repertoire into 19 ethological categories, related especially to feeding, reproduction, and social and migratory behaviours. Because they identify sharks as predators, the detailed recognition of the behaviours exhibited is crucial both for an efficient catch and to avoid accidents. Therefore, this knowledge is doubly adaptive as it contributes to safer, more lucrative fishing. A feeling of respect for sharks predominates, since informers recognize the ecological role of these animals in marine ecosystems, attributing them the status of leader (or “the man”) in the sea.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates the complexity and robustness of artisanal fishermen’s ichthyological knowledge of sharks. Therefore, we suggest that such knowledge should be considered to develop public policies for the control of the fishing activity, as well as to develop and consolidate the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Shark and Ray Species (PAN - Tubarões e Raias).

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Barbosa-Filho et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

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