Development of vaccine-induced immunity against TRT in turkeys depends remarkably on the level of maternal antibodies and the age of birds on the day of vaccination

BMC Veterinary Research

Andrzej Koncicki¹  Tomasz Stenzel¹  Bartlomiej Tykalowski¹  Daria Pestka¹  Marcin Smialek¹ 

[1] Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13/14, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland

关键词: Maternally derived antibodies;    Cell mediated immunity;    Humoral immunity;    Vaccination;    Turkeys;    Avian metapneumovirus;   

Others  :  1131409
DOI  :  10.1186/s12917-015-0345-5

 received in 2014-10-30, accepted in 2015-01-30,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) infections are a huge economical issue for the poultry industry worldwide. Although maternal antibodies do not protect turkey poults against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT), almost no studies have been conducted so far regarding the impact of these antibodies on vaccine induced immunity development against aMPV infection. We conducted four experiments on commercial turkeys aimed at comparing local humoral and cell mediated immune response of maternally delivered anti-aMPV antibody positive (MDA+; Experiment I and II) and negative (MDA-; Experiment III and IV) turkeys following vaccination with an attenuated live aMPV subtype A vaccine at the day of hatch (Experiment I and III) or at two weeks of age (Experiment II and IV).

Results

Regardless of the birds’ age, vaccination of MDA- turkeys resulted in strong stimulation of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the Harderian gland and tracheal mucosa, whereas vaccination of MDA+ birds stimulated mainly CD4⁺ T cells in those structures. An increase in the level of anti-aMPV IgY antibodies was noted in the serum (but not in tracheal washings) as early as 7 days after vaccination, but only in birds possessing low levels (MDA+ birds vaccinated at 2 weeks of age) or no maternal anti-aMPV antibodies at the time of vaccination. In MDA+ turkeys vaccinated at hatch, the decrease in serum levels of maternal anti-aMPV antibodies proceeded faster (in comparison to control group), which, together with faster viral clearance, indicates that maternal antibodies can inhibit vaccine virus replication and influence the development of vaccine-induced immunity.

Conclusion

This study provides the first documented evidence that the frequency of TRT outbreaks in the field and/or failure of TRT vaccination could be correlated with differences in the immunological status and/or age of vaccinated turkeys.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Smialek et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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