Risk factors for contacts between wild boar and outdoor pigs in Switzerland and investigations on potential Brucella suis spill-over

BMC Veterinary Research

Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis⁵  Patrick Boujon¹  Marcus G Doherr⁶  Eleonore Grosclaude²  Andreas Thomann³  Carlos Abril⁴  Natacha Wu⁵ 

[1]Present address: Institut Galli-Valerio, Laboratoire d’analyses vétérinaires, Lausanne, Switzerland

[2]Service de la Consommation et des Affaires Vétérinaires, Geneva, Switzerland

[3]Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

[4]Suisselab AG, Schützenmattstrasse 10, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland

[5]Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

[6]Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

关键词: Wild boar;    Spill-over;    Risk factors;    Outdoor pigs;    Interactions;    Brucellosis;    Brucella suis;   

Others  :  1119771
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-6148-8-116

 received in 2012-02-28, accepted in 2012-07-20,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Due to the parallel increase of the number of free-ranging wild boar and domestic pigs reared outdoor, the risk that they interact has become higher. Contacts with wild boar can be the origin of disease outbreaks in pigs, as it has been documented for brucellosis in some European countries. This study aimed at quantifying the occurrence of contacts between wild boar and outdoor domestic pigs in Switzerland, and identifying risk factors for these contacts. Furthermore, exposed pigs were tested for pathogen spill-over, taking Brucella suis as an example because B. suis is widespread in Swiss wild boar while domestic pigs are officially free of brucellosis.

Results

Thirty-one percent of the game-wardens and 25% of the pig owners participating to a country-wide questionnaire survey reported contacts, including approaches of wild boar outside the fence, intrusions, and mating. Seventeen piggeries (5%) reported the birth of cross-bred animals. Risk factors for contacts identified by a uni- and multivariable logistic regression approach were: distance between pigs enclosure and houses, proximity of a forest, electric fences, and fences ≤ 60 cm. Pigs of the Mangalitza breed were most at risk for mating with wild boar (births of cross-bred animals). Blood and tissues of 218 outdoor pigs from 13 piggeries were tested for an infection with Brucella suis, using rose bengal test, complement fixation test, and an IS711-based real-time PCR. One piggery with previous wild boar contacts was found infected with B. suis, however, epidemiological investigations failed to identify the direct source of infection.

Conclusions

Results show that interactions between wild boar and outdoor pigs are not uncommon, pointing at the existing risk of pathogen spill-over. Provided data on risk factors for these interactions could help the risk-based implementation of protection measures for piggeries. The documentation of a brucellosis outbreak in pigs despite the freedom-of-disease status underlines the importance of improving pathogen surveillance strategies and increasing disease awareness of farmers and veterinary practitioners.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Wu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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