Butorphanol with oxygen insufflation corrects etorphine-induced hypoxaemia in chemically immobilized white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

BMC Veterinary Research

Leith Meyer⁴  Gregory Fleming³  Michele Miller⁵  Peter Buss²  Andrea Fuller⁶  Markus Hofmeyr¹  Anna Haw⁶ 

[1] Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa;Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;Disney’s Animal Programs and Environmental Initiatives, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA;Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

关键词: Partial-opioid antagonist;    Opioids;    Blood gases;    Acidaemia;    Hypercapnia;    Hypoxia;    Anaesthesia;   

Others  :  1114918
DOI  :  10.1186/s12917-014-0253-0

 received in 2014-05-30, accepted in 2014-10-09,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Opioid-induced immobilization is associated with severe respiratory depression in the white rhinoceros. We evaluated the efficacy of butorphanol and oxygen insufflation in alleviating opioid-induced respiratory depression in eight boma-managed rhinoceros.

Results

Chemical immobilization with etorphine, azaperone and hyaluronidase, as per standard procedure for the white rhinoceros, caused severe respiratory depression with hypoxaemia (P_aO₂ = 27 ± 7 mmHg [mean ± SD]), hypercapnia (P_aCO₂ = 82 ± 6 mmHg) and acidosis (pH =7.26 ± 0.02) in the control trial at 5 min. Compared to pre-intervention values, butorphanol administration (without oxygen) improved the P_aO₂ (60 ± 3 mmHg, F_(3,21) =151.9, p <0.001), P_aCO₂ (67 ± 4 mmHg, F_(3,21) =22.57, p <0.001) and pH (7.31 ± 0.06, F_(3,21) =27.60, p <0.001), while oxygen insufflation alone exacerbated the hypercapnia (123 ± 20 mmHg, F_(3,21) =50.13, p <0.001) and acidosis (7.12 ± 0.07, F_(3,21) =110.6, p <0.001). Surprisingly, butorphanol combined with oxygen fully corrected the opioid-induced hypoxaemia (P_aO₂ = 155 ± 53 mmHg) and reduced the hypercapnia over the whole immobilization period (p <0.05, areas under the curves) compared to the control trial. However, this intervention (butorphanol + oxygen) did not have any effect on the arterial pH.

Conclusions

Oxygen insufflation combined with a single intravenous dose of butorphanol improved the immobilization quality of boma-managed white rhinoceros by correcting the opioid-induced hypoxaemia, but did not completely reverse all components of respiratory depression. The efficacy of this intervention in reducing respiratory depression in field-captured animals remains to be determined.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Haw et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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