Family support and ease of access link socio-economic status and sports club membership in adolescent girls: a mediation study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Warren R Payne³  Caroline M Symons³  Melinda J Craike¹  Jack T Harvey²  Rochelle M Eime² 

[1] Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia;School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia;Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia

关键词: Access;    Family support;    Adolescent females;    Club sport;    Socio-economic status;   

Others  :  810397
DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5868-10-50

 received in 2012-11-04, accepted in 2013-04-10,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Much research has been conducted into the determinants of physical activity (PA) participation among adolescent girls. However, the more specific question of what are the determinants of particular forms of PA participation, such as the link between participation through a sports club, has not been investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between participation in a sports club and socio-economic status (SES), access to facilities, and family and peer support, for female adolescents.

Methods

A survey of 732 female adolescent school students (521 metropolitan, 211 non-metropolitan; 489 Year 7, 243 Year 11) was conducted. The survey included demographic information (living arrangements, ethnicity indicators, and indicators of SES such as parental education and employment status and locality); access to facilities; and family and peer support (travel, encouragement, watching, praise, joint participation). For each characteristic, sports club participants and non-participants were compared using chi-square tests. Multiple mediation analyses were used to investigate the role of access, family and peer support in the link between SES and sport participation.

Results

There were significant associations (p<0.05) between sports club participation and: all demographic characteristics; all measures of family and peer support; and access to sport-related facilities. Highest levels of participation were associated with monolingual Australian-born families, with two parents, at least one of whom was well-educated, with both parents employed, and high levels of parental assistance, engagement and support. Participation in club sport among both younger and older adolescent girls was significantly positively associated with the SES of both their neighbourhoods and their households, particularly in metropolitan areas. These associations were most strongly mediated by family support and by access to facilities.

Conclusions

To facilitate and promote greater participation in club sport among adolescent girls from low SES neighbourhoods and households, strategies should target modifiable determinants such as facility access and parental support. This will involve improving access to sports facilities and promoting, encouraging and assisting parents to provide support for their daughters’ participation in sport clubs.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Eime et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical activity guidelines advisory Committee report. 2008. available: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/report/ webcite
• [2]Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, Kohl HW: Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2011, 40(3):685-698.
• [3]Kwan MY, Cairney J, Faulkner GE, Pullenayegum EE: Physical Activity and Other Health-Risk Behaviors During the Transition Into Early Adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42(1):14-20.
• [4]McLeroy K, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K: An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q 1988, 15(4):351-377.
• [5]Sallis J, Owen N: Ecological models of health behavior. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, research, and practice. Edited by Glanz K, Rimer B, Lewis F. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002:462-485.
• [6]Ishii K, Shibata A, Oka K: Environmental, pscyhological, and social influences on physical activity among Japanese adults: structural equation modeling analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:61. BioMed Central Full Text
• [7]Cerin E, Leslie E: How socio-economic status contributes to participation in leisure-time physical activity. Soc Sci Med 2008, 66(12):2596-2609.
• [8]Pan S, Cameron C, DesMeules M, Morrison H, Craig C, Jiang X: Individual, social, environmental, and physical environmental correlates with physical activity among Canadians: a cross-sectional study. BMC Publ Health 2009, 9(1):21. BioMed Central Full Text
• [9]Deforche B, Van Dyke D, Verloigne M, De Bourdeaudhuij I: Perceived social and physical environmental correlated of physical activity in older adolescents and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Prev Med 2010, 50:S24-S29.
• [10]Zambon A, Morgan A, Vereecken C, Colombini S, Boyce W, Mazur J, Lemma P, Cavallo F: The contribution of club particpation to adolescent helath: evidence from six countries. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010, 64:89-95.
• [11]Gorden-Larsen P, McMurray R, Popkin B: Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns. Pediatrics 2000, 105(6):e83.
• [12]Stalsberg R, Pedersen A: Effects of socioeconomic status on the physical activity in adolescents: a systematic review of the evidence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010, 20:368-383.
• [13]Sallis J, Prochaska J, Taylor W: A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32(5):963-975.
• [14]Limstrand T: Environmental characteristics relevant to young people's use of sports facilities: a review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008, 18:275-287.
• [15]Ommundsen Y, Klasson-Heggebo L, Anderssen S: Psycho-social and environmental correlates of location-specific physical activity among 9- and 15- year-old Norwegian boys and girls: the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3(32):13.
• [16]Ball K, Cleland V, Timperio A, Salmon J, Crawford D: Socioeconomic position and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Longitudinal findings from the CLAN study. J Phys Act Health 2009, 6:289-298.
• [17]Toftegaard-Støckel J, Nielsen GA, Ibsen B, Andersen LB: Parental, socio and cultural factors associated with adolescents' sports participation in four Danish municipalities. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011, 21(4):606-611. no-no
• [18]Hsu Y, Chou C, Nguyen-Rodriguez S, McClain A, Belcher B, Spruijt-Metz D: Influences of social support, perceived barriers and negative meanings of physical activity on physical activity in Middle school students. J Phys Act Health 2011, 8:210-219.
• [19]Wright M, Wilson D, Griffin S, Evans A: A qualitative study of parental modeling and social support for physical activity in underserved adolescents. Health Educ Res 2010, 25(2):224-232.
• [20]Lubans D, Sylva K, Morgan P: Factors associated with physical activity in a sample of British secondary school students. Austr J Educ Dev Psychol 2007, 7:22-30.
• [21]Bauer K, Nelson M, Boutelle K, Neumark-Sztainer D: Parental influences on adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior: longitudinal findings from Project EAT-II. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008, 5:12. BioMed Central Full Text
• [22]Savage J, DiNallo J, Downs D: Adolescent body satisfaction: The role of perceived parental encouragement for physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6(1):90. BioMed Central Full Text
• [23]Beets M, Vogel RJ, Forlaw L, Pitetti K, Cardinal B: Social support and youth physical activity: the role of provider and type. Am J Health Behav 2006, 30(3):278-289.
• [24]de Vet E, de Ridder D, de Wit J: Environmental correlates of physical activity and dietary behaviours among young people: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev 2011, 12(5):e130-e142.
• [25]Janssen I, LeBlanc AG: Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7(1):40. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Lytle L, Murray D, Evenson K, Moody J, Pratt C, Metcalfe L, Parra-Medina D: Mediators affecting girls' levels of physical activity outside of school: findings from the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls. Ann Behav Med 2009, 38:124-136.
• [27]Moore J, Jilcott S, Shores K, Evenson K, Brownson R, Novick L: A qualitative examination of perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity for urban and rural youth. Health Educ Res 2010, 13. advanced access
• [28]Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Hannan P, Tharp T, Rex J: Factors associated with changes in physical activity: a cohort study of inactive adolescent girls. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003, 157:803-810.
• [29]Eime R, Payne W, Casey M, Harvey J: Transition in participation in sport and unstructured physical activity for rural living adolescent girls. Health Educ Res 2010, 25(2):282-293.
• [30]Casey M, Eime R, Payne W, Harvey J: Using a socioecological approach to examine participation in sport and physical activity among rural adolescent girls. Qual Health Res 2009, 19(7):881-893.
• [31]Davison K, Lawson C: Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity: A review of the literature. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:19. BioMed Central Full Text
• [32]Grow H, Saelens B, Kerr J, Durant N, Norman G, Sallis J: Where are youth active? Roles of proximity, active transport, and built environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008, 40(12):2071-2079.
• [33]Tucker P, Irwin J, Gilliland J, He M, Larsen K, Hess P: Environmental influences on physical activity levels in youth. Health Place 2009, 15:357-363.
• [34]Craike M, Symons C, Zimmermann J: Why do young women drop out of sport and physical activity? A social ecological approach. Ann Leis Res 2009, 12:2.
• [35]Nader P, Bradley R, Houts R, McRitchie S, O’Brien M: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from Ages 9 to 15 years. JAMA 2008, 300(3):295-305.
• [36]Biddle S, Marshall S, Gorely T, Cameron N: Temporal and environmental patterns of sedentary and active behaviors during adolescents' leisure time. Int J Behav Med 2009, 16:278-286.
• [37]Kumar A, Rossiter P, Olczyk A: Children's participation in organised sporting activity. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; [in Research Paper. Cat No. 1351.0.55.0282009]
• [38]Wankel L, Berger B: The psychological and social benefits of sport and physical activity. J Leis Res 1990, 22(2):167-182.
• [39]Torjman S: Culture and recreation: links to well-being. Ottawa: The Caledon Institute of Social Policy; 2004:1-7.
• [40]Street G, James R, Cutt H: The relationship between organised physical recreation and mental health. Health Promot J Austr 2007, 18(3):236-239.
• [41]Eime R, Harvey J, Brown W, Payne W: Does sports club participation contribute to health-related quality of life? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010, 42(5):1022-1028.
• [42]Seippel O: The meanings of sport: fun, health, beauty of community? Sport in Soc 2006, 9(1):51-70.
• [43]Valois R, KJ Z, Huebner E, Drane J: Physical activity behaviors and perceived life satisfaction among public high school adolescents. J Sch Health 2004, 74(2):59-65.
• [44]Eime R, Payne W, Harvey J: Trends in organised sport membership in Victoria: Impact on sustainability. J Sci Med Sport 2009, 12(1):123-129.
• [45]Rutten A, Abu-Omar K, Morgan A, Groce N, Stuart J: Research note: social catalysts in health promotion implementation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008, 62:560-565.
• [46]Coalter F: The social benefits of sport: An overview to inform the community planning process, in Sport Scotland Research Report no. 982005. Stirling: University of Stirling;
• [47]Zimmermann-Sloutskis D, Wanner M, Zimmermann E, Martin B: Physical activity levels and determinants of change in young adults: a longitudinal panel study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:2. BioMed Central Full Text
• [48]Prins RG, van Empelen P, te Velde SJ, Timperio A, van Lenthe FJ, Tak NI, Crawford D, Brug J, Oenema A: Availability of sports facilities as moderator of the intention-sports participation relationship among adolescents. Health Educ Res 2010, 25(3):489-497.
• [49]Timperio A, van Stralen M, Brug J, Bere E, Chinapaw MDBI, Jan N, Maes L, Manios Y, Moreno L, Salmon J, te Velde S: Direct and indirect associations between the family physical activity environment and sports participation among 10–12 year-old European children: testing the EnRG framework in the ENERGY project. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013, 10:15. BioMed Central Full Text
• [50]Eíðsdottir S, Kristjánsson A, Sigfúsdóttir I, Allengrante J: Trends in physical activity and participation in sports clubs among Icelandic adolescents. Eur J Publ Health 2008, 18(3):289-293.
• [51]Laakso L, Telma R, Nupponen H, Rimpela A, Pere L: Trends in leisure time physical activity among young people in Finland, 1977–2007. Eur Phys Educ Rev 2008, 14(2):139-155.
• [52]Australian Bureau of Statistics: Children's participation in organised sporting activity. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2009:40.
• [53]Quarmby T, Dagkas S, Bridge M: Associations between children's physical activities, sedentary behaviours and family structure: a sequential mixed methods approach. Health Educ Res 2010. advance access
• [54]Australian Bureau of Statistics: Census of population and housing: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) - Technical paper, 2006 (No.2039.0.55.001). Canberra, Australia; 2008.
• [55]Sallis J: Amherst Health and Activity Study (AHA). Adult survey of child health habits. 2010. Available from: http://www.drjamessallis.sdsu.edu/Documents/amhersthealthandactivitystudyadultsurvey.pdf webcite
• [56]Baron R, Kenny D: The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986, 51:1173-1182.
• [57]Preacher K, Hayes A: Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Meth 2008, 40(3):879-891.
• [58]Preacher K, Kelley K: Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychol Metho 2011, 16(2):93-115.
• [59]Perkins D, Jacobs J, Barber B, Eccles J: Childhood and adolescent sports participation as predictors of participation in sports and physical fitness activities during young adulthood. Youth Soc 2004, 35:495-518.
• [60]Tammelin T, Nayha S, Hills A, Javelin M-R: Adolescent participation in sports and adult physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2003, 24(1):22-28.
• [61]D'Hondt E, Deforche B, Gentier I, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Vaeyens R, Philippaerts R, Lenoir M: A longitudinal analysis of gross motor coordination in overweight and obese children versus normal-weight peers. Int J Obes 2013, 37(1):61-67.
• [62]Harvey J, Eime R, Symons C, Craike M, Polman R, Payne W: Perceive physial competence mediates health benefits of club sport in adolescent girls beyond the effects of physical activity. J Sci Med Sport 2011, 14(Supplement 1):e51-e52.
• [63]Holt N, Kingsley B, Tink L, Scherer J: Benefits and challenges associated with sport participation by children and parents from low-income families. Psychol Sport Exerc 2011, 12:490-499.
• [64]Pedersen S, Seidman E: Team sports achievement and self-esteem development among urban adolescent girls. Psychol Women Q 2004, 28(4):412-422.
• [65]Wilson A, Dollman J: Social influences on physical activity in Anglo-Australian and Vietnamese-Australian adolescent females in a single sex school. J Sci Med Sport 2009, 12:119-122.
• [66]Mohajer N, Earnest J: Widening the aim of health promotion to include the most disadvantaged: vulnerable adoelscents and the social determinants of health. Health Educ Res 2010, 25(3):387-394.
• [67]Mulhall P, Reis J, Begum S: Early adolescent particpiation in physical activity: correlates with individual and family characteristics. J Phys Act Health 2011, 8:244-252.
• [68]Ferreira I, van der Horst K, Wendel-Vos W, Kremers S, van Lenthe F, Brug J: Environmental correlates of physical activity in youth- a review and update. Obes Rev 2006, 8:129-154.
• [69]Patnode C, Lytle L, Erickson D, Sirad J, BArr-Anderson D, Story M: The relative influence of demographic, individual, social, and environmental factors on physical activity among boys and girls. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:1-10. BioMed Central Full Text
• [70]Prins R, Oenema A, van der Horst K, Brug J: Objective and perceived availability of physical activity opportunities: differences in associations with physical activity behavior among urban adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6:70. BioMed Central Full Text
• [71]Scott M, Evenson K, Cohen D, Cox C: Comparing perceived and objectively measured access to recreational facilities as predictors of physical activity in adolescent girls. J Urban Health 2007, 84(3):346-359.
• [72]Edwardson C, Gorely T: Parental influences on different types and intensities of physical activity in youth: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc 2010, 11:522-535.
• [73]McIntyre J: Applying SEIFA disadvantage indexes to VET participation. Sydney: University of Technology; 2000. [UTS Research Centre for Vocational Education and Training]