Effects of a novel bacterial phytase expressed in Aspergillus Oryzae on digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in diets fed to weanling or growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Hans Henrik Stein¹  Rommel Casilda Sulabo¹  Ferdinando Nielsen Almeida¹ 

[1] Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

关键词: Pigs;    Phytase;    Phosphorus;    Digestibility;    Calcium;   

Others  :  828623
DOI  :  10.1186/2049-1891-4-8

 received in 2012-10-03, accepted in 2012-12-31,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

In 2 experiments, 48 weanling (initial BW: 13.5 ± 2.4 kg, Exp. 1) and 24 growing pigs (initial BW: 36.2 ± 4.0 kg, Exp. 2) were used to determine effects of a novel bacterial 6-phytase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus and calcium in corn-soybean meal diets fed to weanling and growing pigs. In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design and a balanced 2 period changeover design, respectively. In both experiments, 6 diets were formulated. The positive control diet was a corn-soybean meal diet with added inorganic phosphorus (Exp. 1: 0.42 and 0.86% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus and total calcium, respectively; Exp. 2: 0.32 and 0.79% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus and total calcium, respectively). A negative control diet and 4 diets with the novel phytase (Ronozyme HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsippany, NJ) added to the negative control diet at levels of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 phytase units (FYT)/kg were also formulated. In Exp. 1, the ATTD of phosphorus was greater (P < 0.01) for the positive control diet (60.5%) than for the negative control diet (40.5%), but increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) as phytase was added to the negative control diet (40.5% vs. 61.6%, 65.1%, 68.7%, and 68.0%). The breakpoint for the ATTD of phosphorus (68.4%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 1,016 FYT/kg. In Exp. 2, the ATTD of phosphorus was greater (P < 0.01) for the positive control diet (59.4%) than for the negative control diet (39.8%) and increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) as phytase was added to the negative control diet (39.8% vs. 58.1%, 65.4%, 69.1%, and 72.8%). The breakpoint for the ATTD of phosphorus (69.1%) was reached at a phytase inclusion level of 801 FYT/kg. In conclusion, the novel bacterial 6-phytase improved the ATTD of phosphorus and calcium in both weanling and growing pigs. The optimum level of inclusion for this phytase is 800 to 1,000 FYT/kg of complete feed to maximize ATTD of phosphorus and calcium in weanling and growing pigs.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Almeida et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Jongbloed AW: Phosphorus in the feeding of pigs. Effect of diet in the absorption and retention of phosphorus by growing pigs. Netherlands: PhD thesis. University of Wageningen; 1987.
• [2]Lassen SF, Breinholt J, Ostergaard PR, Brugger R, Bischoff A, Wyss M, Fuglsang CC: Expression, gene cloning, and characterization of five novel phytases from four Basidiomycete fungi: Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades, a Ceriporia sp., and Trametes pubescens. Appl Environ Microb 2001, 67:4701-4707.
• [3]Jongbloed AW, Mroz Z, Kemme PA: The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract. J Anim Sci 1992, 70:1159-1168.
• [4]Yi Z, Kornegay ET: Sites of phytase activity in the gastrointestinal tract of young pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996, 61:361-368.
• [5]Sandberg AS, Larsen T, Sandström B: High dietary calcium level decrease colonic phytate degradation in pigs fed a rapeseed diet. J Nutr 1993, 123:559-566.
• [6]Saha PR, Weaver CM, Mason AC: Mineral bioavailability in rats from intrinsically labeled whole wheat flour of various phytate levels. J Agri Food Chem 1994, 42:2531-2535.
• [7]Selle PH, Ravindran V: Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007, 135:1-41.
• [8]Selle PH, Cowieson AJ, Ravindran V: Consequences of calcium interactions with phytate and phytase for poultry and pigs. Livest Sci 2009, 124:126-141.
• [9]Almeida FN, Stein HH: Performance and phosphorus balance of pigs fed diets formulated on the basis of values for standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus. J Anim Sci 2010, 88:2968-2977.
• [10]Lei XG, Stahl CH: Biotechnological development of effective phytases for mineral nutrition and environmental protection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001, 57:474-481.
• [11]Boyce A, Walsh G: Comparison of selected physicochemical characteristics of commercial phytases relevant to their application in phosphate pollution abatement. J Environ Sci Heal A 2006, 41:789-798.
• [12]Jones CK, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Ratliff BW, Horn NL, Goodband RD, DeRouchey JM, Sulabo RC, Nelssen JL: Efficacy of different commercial phytase enzymes and development of an available phosphorus release curve for Escherichia coli-derived phytases in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2010, 88:3631-3644.
• [13]Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Miller PS, Southern LL: Effect of phytase on apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn-soybean meal diets fed to finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2010, 88:238-247.
• [14]Gill JL, Magee WT: Balanced two-period changeover designs for several treatments. J Anim Sci 1976, 42:775-777.
• [15]NRC: Nutrient requirements of swine. Washington, DC: Natl Acad Press; 1998:10.
• [16]Adeola O: Digestion and balance techniques in pigs. In Swine nutrition. 2nd edition. Edited by Lewis AJ, Southern LL. Washington, DC: CRC Press; 2001:903-916.
• [17]AOAC: Official methods of analysis. 18th edition. Gaithersburg, MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2007.
• [18]Holst DO: Holst filtration apparatus for Van Soest detergent fiber analysis. J AOAC 1973, 56:1352-1356.
• [19]Petersen GI, Stein HH: Novel procedure for estimating endogenous losses and measurement of apparent and true digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:2126-2132.
• [20]Robbins KR, Saxton AM, Southern LL: Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J Anim Sci 2006, 84(E.Suppl):E155-E165.
• [21]Angel R, Tamim NM, Applegate TJ, Dhandu AS, Ellestad LE: Phytic acid chemistry: Influence on phytin-phosphorus availability and phytase efficacy. J Appl Poult Res 2002, 11:471-480.
• [22]Kornegay ET: Digestion of phosphorus and other nutrients: The role of phytases and factors influencing their activity. In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. 2nd edition. Edited by Bedford MR, Partridge GG. Wallingford, UK: CAB International; 2001:237-272.
• [23]Rao DECS, Rao KV, Reddy TP, Reddy VD: Molecular characterization, physicochemical properties, known and potential applications of phytases: An overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009, 29:182-198.
• [24]Rodriguez E, Han Y, Lei XG: Cloning, sequencing, and expression of an Escherichia coli acid phosphatase/phytase gene (app A2) isolated from pig colon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 257:117-123.
• [25]Rodriguez E, Porres JM, Han Y, Lei XG: Different sensitivity of recombinant Aspergillus niger phytase (r-PhyA) and Escherichia coli pH 2.5 acid phosphatase (r-AppA) to trypsin and pepsin in Vitro. Arch Bioch Biophys 1999, 365:262-267.
• [26]Augspurger NR, Webel DM, Lei XG, Baker DH: Efficacy of an E. coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs. J Anim Sci 2003, 81:474-483.
• [27]Braña DV, Ellis M, Castaneda EO, Sands JS, Baker DH: Effects of a novel phytase on growth performance, bone ash, and mineral digestibility in nursery and grower-finisher pigs. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:1839-1849.
• [28]Lei XG, Ku PK, Miller ER, Yokoyama MT: Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase linearly improves phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 1993, 71:3359-3367.
• [29]Jendza JA, Dilger RN, Sands JS, Adeola O: Efficacy and equivalency of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase for replacing inorganic phosphorus in the diets of broiler chickens and young pigs. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:3364-3374.
• [30]Veum TL, Bollinger DW, Buff CE, Bedford MR: A genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase improves nutrient utilization, growth performance, and bone strength of young swine fed diets deficient in available phosphorus. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:1147-1158.
• [31]Spencer JD, Allee GL, Sauber TE: Phosphorus bioavailability and digestibility of normal and genetically modified low-phytate corn for pigs. J Anim Sci 2000, 78:675-681.
• [32]Bohlke RA, Thaler RC, Stein HH: Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2005, 83:2396-2403.
• [33]Wu X, Ruan Z, Zhang YG, Hou YQ, Yin YL, Li TJ, Huang RL, Chu WY, Kong XF, Gao B, Chen LX: True digestibility of phosphorus in different resources of feed ingredients in growing pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 2008, 21:107-119.
• [34]Dilger RN, Adeola O: Estimation of true phosphorus digestibility and endogenous phosphorus loss in growing pigs fed conventional and low-phytate soybean meals. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:627-634.
• [35]Lei XG, Ku PK, Miller ER, Yokoyama MT, Ullrey DE: Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase maximizes phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 1993, 71:3368-3375.
• [36]Olukosi OA, Sands JS, Adeola O: Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2007, 85:1702-1711.
• [37]Kies AK, Kemme PA, Sebek LBJ, van Diepen JTM, Jongbloed AW: Effect of graded doses and a high dose of microbial phytase on the digestibility of various minerals in weaner pigs. J Anim Sci 2006, 84:1169-1175.
• [38]Guggenbuhl P, Quintana P, Nunes CS: Comparative effects of three phytases on phosphorus and calcium digestibility in the growing pig. Livest Sci 2007, 109:258-260.
• [39]Augspurger NR, Spencer JD, Webel DM, Wolter BF, Torrance TS: An Escherichia coli-derived phytase can fully replace inorganic phosphorus in maize–soybean meal diets for growing-finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009, 154:254-259.
• [40]Beers S, Jongbloed AW: Effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for piglets on their performance and apparent digestibility of phosphorus. Anim Prod 1992, 55:425-430.
• [41]Kornegay ET, Qian H: Replacement of inorganic phosphorus by microbial phytase for young pigs fed on a maize-soyabean-meal diet. Br J Nutr 1996, 76:563-578.
• [42]Yi Z, Kornegay ET, Ravindran V, Lindemann MD, Wilson JH: Effectiveness of Natuphos phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in soybean meal based semipurified diets for young pigs. J Anim Sci 1996, 74:1601-1611.
• [43]Almeida FN, Stein HH: Effects of grade levels of microbial phytase on the standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in corn and corn coproducts fed to pigs. J Anim Sci 2012, 90:1262-1269.
• [44]Dungelhoef M, Rodehutscord M: Wirkung von Phytase auf die Verdaulichkeit des Phosphors beim Schwein. U bers Tierernarg 1995, 23:133-157.
• [45]Favus MJ: Factors that influence absorption and secretion of calcium in the small intestine and colon. Am J Physiol 1985, 248:G147-G157.
• [46]NRC: Nutrient requirements of swine. Washington, DC: Natl Acad Press; 2012:10.