The development of an intervention to promote adherence to national guidelines for suspected viral encephalitis

Implementation Science

Tom Solomon³  Rachel Kneen²  Sylviane Defres⁵  Benedict Daniel Michael³  Robbie Foy⁴  Ruth Backman¹ 

[1] Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK;Department of Neurology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK;The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Fazakerly, UK;Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Charles Thackrah Building, 101 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9LJ, UK;Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK

关键词: Cluster randomised controlled trial;    Encephalitis;    Intervention development;    Theoretical domains framework;   

Others  :  1146070
DOI  :  10.1186/s13012-015-0224-2

 received in 2014-10-14, accepted in 2015-02-20,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Central nervous system infections can have devastating clinical outcomes if not diagnosed and treated promptly. There is a documented gap between recommended and actual practice and a limited understanding of its causes. We identified and explored the reasons for this gap, focusing on points in the patient pathway most amenable to change and the development of a tailored intervention strategy to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Using theoretically-informed semi-structured interviews, we explored barriers and enablers to diagnosing and managing patients with suspected encephalitis, specifically performing lumbar punctures and initiating antiviral therapy within 6 h. We purposively sampled hospitals and hospital staff in the UK. We audio recorded and transcribed all interviews prior to a framework analysis. We mapped identified barriers and enablers to the patient pathway. We matched behaviour change techniques targeting clinicians to the most salient barriers and enablers and embedded them within an intervention package.

Results

We interviewed 43 staff in six hospitals. Clinical staff expressed uncertainty when and how to perform lumbar punctures and highlighted practical difficulties in undertaking them within busy clinical settings. Once treatment need was triggered, clinicians generally felt able to take appropriate therapeutic action, albeit within organisational and resource constraints. Matched behaviour change techniques largely targeted antecedents of treatment. These included decision support to prompt recognition, highlighting the consequences of missed diagnoses for clinicians and patients, and practical support for lumbar punctures. We subsequently devised an evidence-informed package comprising ‘core’ interventions and, to allow for local flexibility, ‘optional’ interventions.

Conclusions

We identified several points in the patient pathway where practice could improve, the most critical being around clinical suspicion and initial investigation. Interventions targeting professional beliefs and behaviours whilst optimising their clinical environment were amongst the most promising approaches to improve the care of suspected encephalitis.

Trial registration

Randomised trial registered with Controlled Trials ISRCTN06886935 webcite.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Backman et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

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