Associations of built food environment with body mass index and waist circumference among youth with diabetes

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Angela D Liese²  Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis⁴  Matteo Bottai²  Dwayne E Porter¹  Robin Puett³  Archana P Lamichhane² 

[1] Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA;South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA;Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

关键词: Supermarket;    Fast food outlet;    Built food environment;    Waist circumference;    BMI z-score;    Adiposity;    Availability;    Accessibility;   

Others  :  824735
DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5868-9-81

 received in 2011-10-31, accepted in 2012-06-29,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Youth with diabetes are at increased risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease complications. However, less is known about the influence of built food environment on health outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of accessibility and availability of supermarkets and fast food outlets with Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score and waist circumference among youth with diabetes.

Methods

Information on residential location and adiposity measures (BMI z-score and waist circumference) for 845 youths with diabetes residing in South Carolina was obtained from the South Carolina site of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Food outlets data obtained from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and InfoUSA were merged based on names and addresses of the outlets. The comprehensive data on franchised supermarket and fast food outlets was then used to construct three accessibility and availability measures around each youth’s residence.

Results

Increased number and density of chain supermarkets around residence location were associated with lower BMI z-score and waist circumference among youth with diabetes. For instance, for a female child of 10 years of age with height of 54.2 inches and weight of 70.4 pounds, lower supermarket density around residence location was associated with about 2.8–3.2 pounds higher weight, when compared to female child of same age, height and weight with highest supermarket density around residence location. Similarly, lower supermarket density around residence location was associated with a 3.5–3.7 centimeter higher waist circumference, when compared to residence location with the highest supermarket density. The associations of number and density of chain fast food outlets with adiposity measures, however, were not significant. No significant associations were observed between distance to the nearest supermarket and adiposity measures. However, contrary to our expectation, increased distance to the nearest fast food outlet was associated with higher BMI z-score, but not with waist circumference.

Conclusions

Food environments conducive to healthy eating may significantly influence health behaviors and outcomes. Efforts to increase the availability of supermarkets providing options/selections for health-promoting foods may significantly improve the dietary intake and reduce adiposity among youth with diabetes.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Lamichhane et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL: Prevalence and trends in overweight among us children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002, 288:1728-1732.
• [2]Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 2004, 291:2847-2850.
• [3]Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS: Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. The Lancet 2002, 360:473-482.
• [4]Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM: Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA 2010, 303:242-249.
• [5]Liu LL, Lawrence JM, Davis C, Liese AD, Pettitt DJ, Pihoker C, Dabelea D, Hamman R, Waitzfelder B, Kahn HS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with diabetes in USA: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Pediatr Diabetes 2010, 11:4-11.
• [6]Morland K, Diez-Roux A, Wing S: Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Prev Med 2006, 30:333-339.
• [7]Jeffery RW, Baxter J, McGuire M, Linde J: Are fast food restaurants an environmental risk factor for obesity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:2. 10.1186/1479-5868-3-2 BioMed Central Full Text
• [8]Mujahid MS, Diez-Roux A, Shen M, Gowda D, Sanchez B, Shea S, Jacobs DR, Jackson SA: Relation between neighborhood environments and obesity in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167:1349-1357.
• [9]Morland KB, Evenson KR: Obesity prevalence and the local food environment. Health Place 2009, 15:491-495.
• [10]Rundle A, Neckerman KM, Freeman L, Lovasi GS, Purciel M, Quinn J, Richards C, Sircar N, Weiss C: Neighborhood food environment and walkability predict obesity in New York City. Environ Health Perspec 2009, 117:442.
• [11]Liu GC, Wilson JS, Qi R, Ying J: Green neighborhoods, food retail and childhood overweight: differences by population density. Am J Health Promot 2007, 21:317-325.
• [12]Powell LM, Auld MC, Chaloupka FJ, OÆMalley PM, Johnston LD: Associations between access to food stores and adolescent body mass index. Am J Prev Med 2007, 33:301-307.
• [13]Seliske LM, Pickett W, Boyce WF, Janssen I: Density and type of food retailers surrounding Canadian schools: variations across socioeconomic status. Health Place 2009, 15:903-907.
• [14]Davis B, Carpenter C: Proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools and adolescent obesity. Am J Public Health 2009, 99:505-510.
• [15]Millstein RA, Yeh HC, Brancati FL, Batts-Turner M, Gary TL: Food availability, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and dietary patterns among blacks with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medscape J Med 2009, 11:15.
• [16]Mayer-Davis EJ, Nichols M, Liese AD, Bell RA, Dabelea DM, Johansen JM, Pihoker C, Rodriguez BL, Thomas J, Williams D: Dietary intake among youth with diabetes: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. J Am Diet Assoc 2006, 106:689-697.
• [17]Rodriguez BL, Fujimoto WY, Mayer-Davis EJ, Imperatore G, Williams DE, Bell RA, Wadwa RP, Palla SL, Liu LL, Kershnar A, et al.: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents with diabetes: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:1891-1896.
• [18]Horowitz CR, Colson KA, Hebert PL, Lancaster K: Barriers to buying healthy foods for people with diabetes: evidence of environmental disparities. Am J Pub Health 2004, 94:1549-1554.
• [19]SEARCH Study Group: SEARCH for diabetes in youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth. Control Clin Trials 2004, 25:458-471.
• [20]Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL: CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 2000, 11:1-190.
• [21]Bureau of the Census: Census 2000 summary file 1 (SF1). 2001. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf webcite
• [22]Liese AD, Weis KE, Pluto D, Smith E, Lawson A: Food store types, availability, and cost of foods in a rural environment. J Am Diet Assoc 2007, 107:1916-1923.
• [23]Burdette HL, Whitaker RC: Neighborhood playgrounds, fast food restaurants, and crime: relationships to overweight in low-income preschool children. Prev Med 2004, 38:57-63.
• [24]Liese AD, Colabianchi N, Lamichhane AP, Barnes TL, Hibbert JD, Porter DE, Nichols MD, Lawson AB: Validation of 3 food outlet databases: completeness and geospatial accuracy in rural and urban food environments. Am J Epidemiol 2010, 172:1324-1333.
• [25]Guagliardo MF: Spatial accessibility of primary care: concepts, methods and challenges. Int J Health Geographics 2004, 3:3. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Babey SH, Diamant A, Hastert TA, Goldstein H: Designed for disease: the link between local food environments and obesity and diabetes. UC Los Angeles, UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; 2008. http://www.healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/Designed_for_Disease_050108.pdf webcite
• [27]Timperio A, Crawford D, Telford A, Salmon J: Perceptions about the local neighborhood and walking and cycling among children. Prev Med 2004, 38:39-47.
• [28]Hersey J, Anliker J, Miller C, Mullis RM, Daugherty S, Das S, Bray CR, Dennee P, Sigman-Grant M, Olivia AH: Food shopping practices are associated with dietary quality in low-income households. J Nutr Educ 2001, 33(Suppl 1):S16-S26.
• [29]Giskes K, van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, Mackenbach JP, Turrell G: Socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing: the contribution of respondent-perceived and actual (objectively measured) price and availability of foods. Prev Med 2007, 45:41-48.
• [30]Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Nadeau A, Lupien PJ: Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994, 73:460-468.
• [31]Taylor RW, Jones IE, Williams SM, Goulding A: Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72:490-495.
• [32]Savva SC, Tornaritis M, Savva ME, Kourides Y, Panagi A, Silikiotou N, Georgiou C, Kafatos A: Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000, 24:1453-1458.
• [33]Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal BJ, Bosworth M, Johnson-Shelton D, Moore JM, Acock A, Vongjaturapat N: Built environment and 1-year change in weight and waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults: Portland Neighborhood Environment and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2009, 169:401-408.
• [34]Kaufman P: Rural poor have less access to supermarkets, large grocery stores. Rural Dev Perspect 1999, 13:19-26.
• [35]Sharkey JR: Measuring potential access to food stores and food-service places in rural areas in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2009, 36:S151-S155.
• [36]Donkin AJ, Dowler EA, Stevenson SJ, Turner SA: Mapping access to food in a deprived area: the development of price and availability indices. Public Health Nutr 2000, 3:31-38.
• [37]Bustillos B, Sharkey JR, Anding J, McIntosh A: Availability of more healthful food alternatives in traditional, convenience, and nontraditional types of food stores in two rural Texas counties. J Am Diet Assoc 2009, 109:883-889.
• [38]Creel JS, Sharkey JR, McIntosh A, Anding J, Huber JC: Availability of healthier options in traditional and nontraditional rural fast-food outlets. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:395. BioMed Central Full Text
• [39]Sharkey JR, Johnson CM, Dean WR, Horel SA: Focusing on fast food restaurants alone underestimates the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and exposure to fast food in a large rural area. Nutr J 2011, 10:10. BioMed Central Full Text
• [40]Duerksen SC, Elder JP, Arredondo EM, Ayala GX, Slymen DJ, Campbell NR, Baquero B: Family restaurant choices are associated with child and adult overweight status in Mexican-American families. J Am Diet Assoc 2007, 107:849-853.
• [41]Maddock J: The relationship between obesity and the prevalence of fast food restaurants: state-level analysis. Am J Health Promot 2004, 19:137-143.
• [42]Mehta NK, Chang VW: Weight status and restaurant availability a multilevel analysis. Am J Prev Med 2008, 34:127-133.
• [43]Seliske LM, Pickett W, Boyce WF, Janssen I: Association between the food retail environment surrounding schools and overweight in Canadian youth. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12:1384-1391.
• [44]Oakes JM, Masse LC, Messer LC: Work group III: methodologic issues in research on the food and physical activity environments: addressing data complexity. Am J Prev Med 2009, 36:S177-S181.
• [45]White M: Food access and obesity. Obesity reviews 2007, 8:99.
• [46]Hurvitz PM, Moudon AV, Rehm CD, Streichert LC, Drewnowski A: Arterial roads and area socioeconomic status are predictors of fast food restaurant density in King County, WA. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009, 6:46. BioMed Central Full Text
• [47]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: State indicator report on fruits and vegetables. 2009. http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/downloads/StateIndicatorReport2009.pdf webcite