Evidence-based pain management: is the concept of integrative medicine applicable?

EPMA Journal

Rostyslav V Bubnov¹ 

[1] The Centre of Ultrasound Diagnostics and Interventional Sonography, Clinical Hospital ‘Pheophania’ of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine

关键词: Neurophysiology study;    Ultrasound;    Dry needling;    Acupuncture;    Pain therapy;    Myofascial pain;    Participating medicine;    Preventive, and Personalized medicine;    Predictive;   

Others  :  802017
DOI  :  10.1186/1878-5085-3-13

 received in 2012-07-18, accepted in 2012-09-28,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

This article is dedicated to the concept of predictive, preventive, and personalized (integrative) medicine beneficial and applicable to advance pain management, overviews recent insights, and discusses novel minimally invasive tools, performed under ultrasound guidance, enhanced by model-guided approach in the field of musculoskeletal pain and neuromuscular diseases. The complexity of pain emergence and regression demands intellectual-, image-guided techniques personally specified to the patient. For personalized approach, the combination of the modalities of ultrasound, EMG, MRI, PET, and SPECT gives new opportunities to experimental and clinical studies. Neuromuscular imaging should be crucial for emergence of studies concerning advanced neuroimaging technologies to predict movement disorders, postural imbalance with integrated application of imaging, and functional modalities for rehabilitation and pain management. Scientific results should initiate evidence-based preventive movement programs in sport medicine rehabilitation. Traditional medicine and mathematical analytical approaches and education challenges are discussed in this review. The physiological management of exactly assessed pathological condition, particularly in movement disorders, requires participative medical approach to gain harmonized and sustainable effect.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Bubnov; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Golubnitschaja O: Time for new guidelines in advanced healthcare: the mission of The EPMA Journal to promote an integrative view in predictive, preventive and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2012, 3:5.
• [2]Golubnitschaja O, Swanton C, Danesi R, Costigliola V: Promoting predictive, preventive and personalised medicine: European event of global importance. EPMA J 2011, 2:131-136.
• [3]Morandi A, Tosto C, Roberti di Sarsina P, Libera DD: Salutogenesis and ayurveda: indications for public health management. EPMA J 2011, 2:459-465.
• [4]Roberti di Sarsina P, Ottaviani L, Mella J: Tibetan medicine: a unique heritage of person-centered medicine. EPMA J 2011, 2:385-389.
• [5]Alivia M, Guadagni P, Roberti di Sarsina P: Towards salutogenesis in the development of personalised and preventive healthcare. EPMA J 2011, 2:381-384.
• [6]Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS: Travell and Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. 2nd edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
• [7]Gatterman MI: Chiropractic Management of Spine Related Disorders. USA: Williams and Wilkins; 1990:437.
• [8]Bates T: Myofascial pain. Chapter 14. In Ambulatory Pediatrics II: Myofascial pain. Edited by Green M, Haggerty RG. Philadelphia: Saunders WB; 1977.
• [9]Steindler A: The interpretation of sciatic radiation and the syndrome of low-back pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1940, 22:28-34.
• [10]Simons DG: Muscle pain syndromes—part 1. Am J Phys Med 1975, 54:289-311.
• [11]Travell JG, Rinzler SH: The myofascial genesis of pain. Postgrad Med 1952, 11:452-434.
• [12]Travell JG: Identification of myofascial trigger point syndromes: a case of atypical facial neuralgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981, 62:100-106.
• [13]Travell JG: Temporomandibular joint pain referred from muscles of the head and neck. J Prosthet Dent 1960, 10:745-763.
• [14]Cummings TM, White AR: Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 82:986-992.
• [15]Button M: Muscular rheumatism: local injection treatment as a means to rapid restoration of function. BMJ 1940, 10:183-185.
• [16]Howard R: The use of local anaesthesia in the relief of chronic pain. Med J Aust 1941, 8:298-299.
• [17]Kelly M: The treatment of fibrositis and allied disorders by local anaesthesia. Med J Aust 1941, 8:294-298.
• [18]Dommerholt J, Mayoral del Moral O, Gröbli C: Trigger point dry needling. J Man Manip Ther 2006, 14(4):E70-E87.
• [19]Baldry PE: Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2005.
• [20]Lewit K: The needle effect in the relief of myofascial pain. Pain 1979, 6:83-90.
• [21]Gunn CC: The Gunn Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Pain Intramuscular Stimulation (IMS) for Myofascial Syndromes of Radiculopathic Origin. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1996.
• [22]Condon B: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: how useful is it for prediction and prognosis? EPMA J 2011, 2(4):403-410.
• [23]Bubnov RV: The use of trigger point dry needling under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of myofascial pain (technological innovation and literature review). Lik Sprava 2010, 5–6:56-64.
• [24]Bubnov RV, Gandurska-Pavlenko OP: The trigger points dry needling and injection technique under ultrasound guidance for shoulder myofascial pain treatment. A comparative study [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 2012, 19(1):625.
• [25]Bubnov RV, Kyselova OG: Three-dimensional modeling for temporomandibular joint dysfunction diagnosis and craniomandibular pain syndromes management. Acta Biomed Eng 2011, 4:235-242.
• [26]Bubnov RV: Unremovable idiopathic pelvic pain treatment by a novel ultrasound guided technique. Eur J Neurol 2012, 19(Suppl 1):586.
• [27]Chen Q, Bensamoun S, Basford JR, Thompson JM, An KN: Identification and quantification of myofascial taut bands with magnetic resonance elastography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007, 88(12):1658-1661.
• [28]De Zordo T, Mur E, Bellmann-Weiler R, Sailer-Höck M, Chhem R, Feuchtner G, Jaschke W, Klauser A: US guided injections in arthritis. Eur J Radiol 2009, 71(2):197-203.
• [29]Kane D, Greaney T, Shanahan M, Duffy G, Bresnihan B, Gibney R, FitzGerald O: The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic plantar fasciitis. Rheumatology 2001, 40:1002-1008.
• [30]Kalichman L, Vulfsons S: Dry needling in the management of musculoskeletal pain. J Am Board Fam Med 2010, 23(5):640-646.
• [31]Botwin KP, Sharma K, Saliba R, Patel BC: Ultrasound-guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature: a new and unreported technique. Pain Physician 2008, 11(6):885-889.
• [32]Rha DW, Shin JC, Kim YK, Jung JH, Kim YU, Lee SC: Detecting local twitch responses of myofascial trigger points in the lower-back muscles using ultrasonography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011, 92:1576-1580.
• [33]Ballyns JJ, Turo D, Otto P, Shah JP, Hammond J, Gebreab T, Gerber LH, Sikdar S: Office-based elastographic technique for quantifying mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. J Ultrasound Med 2012, 31(8):1209-1219.
• [34]Frost FA, Jessen B, Siggaard-Andersen J: A control, double-blind comparison of mepivacaine injection versus saline injection for myofascial pain. Lancet 1980, 1:499-501.
• [35]Hong CZ: Lidocaine injection versus dry needling to myofascial trigger point: the importance of the local twitch response. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994, 73:256-263.
• [36]Cotchett MP, Landorf KB, Munteanu SE: Effectiveness of dry needling and injections of myofascial trigger points associated with plantar heel pain: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res 2010, 3:18. BioMed Central Full Text
• [37]Cotchett MP, Landorf KB, Munteanu SE: Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. J Foot Ankle Res 2011, 4:5. BioMed Central Full Text
• [38]Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Yassin M: The effects of pressure release, phonophoresis of hydrocortisone, and ultrasound on upper trapezius latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012, 93(1):72-77.
• [39]Ho KY, Tan KH: Botulinum toxin A for myofascial trigger point injection: a qualitative systematic review. Eur J Pain 2007, 11(5):519-527.
• [40]Kamanli A, Kaya A, Ardicoglu O, Ozgocmen S, Zengin FO, Bayik Y: Comparison of lidocaine injection, botulinum toxin injection, and dry needling to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2005, 25:604-611.
• [41]Gazi MC, Issy AM, Avila IP, Sakata RK: Comparison of acupuncture to injection for myofascial trigger point pain. Pain Pract 2011, 11(2):132-138.
• [42]Berkoff DJ, Miller LE, Block JE: Clinical utility of ultrasound guidance for intra-articular knee injections: a review. Clin Interv Aging 2012, 7:89-95.
• [43]Huang YT, Lin SY, Neoh CA, Wang KY, Jean YH, Shi HY: Dry needling for myofascial pain: prognostic factors. J Altern Complement Med 2011, 17(8):755-762.
• [44]Bubnov RV: Ultrasonography for local muscle spasticity management. Mov Disord 2012, 27(Suppl 1):336.
• [45]Yamaguchi A, Ogino Y, Iwakoshi C, Karasawa K, Ohki M: Trigger point therapy for myofascial pain in cancer patients (first report)-analysis results of special use-results surveillance by Neovitacain® injection. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2011, 38(10):1659-1665.
• [46]Yamaguchi A, Ogino Y, Iwakoshi C, Karasawa K, Ohki M: Trigger point therapy for myofascial pain in cancer patients (second report) analysis results of special use-results surveillance by neovitacain® injection. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2012, 39(4):605-611.
• [47]Cubick EE, Quezada VY, Schumer AD, Davis CM: Sustained release myofascial release as treatment for a patient with complications of rheumatoid arthritis and collagenous colitis: a case report. Int J Ther Massage Bodyw 2011, 4(3):1-9.
• [48]McNeil C: Current Controversies in Temporomandibular Disorders. Chicago: Quintessence; 1991.
• [49]Korioth T, Romilly D, Hannam A: Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of the dentate human mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 1992, 88:69-96.
• [50]Weijs W, Hillen B: Corrections between the cross-sectional area of the jaw muscles and craniofacial size and shape. Am J Phys Anthropol 1986, 70:423-431.
• [51]Tomoyose Y, Bandai H, Sugawara J, Mitani H: Characteristics of chewing path in skeletal Class III patients with mandibular asymmetry. Relationship between facial skeleton and temporomandibular joint morphology and occlusion. Orthod Waves 2002, 65:376-391.
• [52]Vázquez-Delgado E, Cascos-Romero J, Gay-Escoda C: Myofascial pain associated to trigger points: a literature review. Part 2: differential diagnosis and treatment. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010, 15(4):e639-e643.
• [53]Kraus SL: Temporomandibular Disorders. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1994.
• [54]Fink M, Wähling K, Stiesch-Scholz M, Tschernitschek H: The functional relationship between the craniomandibular system, cervical spine, and sacroiliac joint: a preliminary investigation. J Craniomandib Pract 2003, 21(3):202-208.
• [55]Fernández-Carnero J, La Touche R, Ortega-Santiago R, Galan-del-Rio F, Pesquera J, Ge HY, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C: Short-term effects of dry needling of active myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 2010, 24(1):106-112.
• [56]Gonzalez-Perez LM, Infante-Cossio P, Granados-Nuñez M, Urresti-Lopez FJ: Treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain with deep dry needling. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012, 17(5):e781-e785.
• [57]Rocabado M, Tapia V: Radiographic study of the craniocervical relation in patients under orthodontic treatment and the incidence of skeletal symptoms. Cranio 1987, 5(1):36.
• [58]Rocabado M: Biomechanical relationship of the cranial, cervical and hyoid regions. J Craniomandibular Pract 1983, 3:62-66.
• [59]Edward F: Wright referred craniofacial pain patterns in patients with temporomandibular disorder. J Am Dent Assoc 2000, 131:1307-1315.
• [60]Fricton JR, Kroening R, Haley D, Siegert R: Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck: a review of clinical characteristics of 164 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985, 60(6):615-623.
• [61]Terajima M, Endo M, Aoki Y, Yuuda K, Hayasaki H, Goto TK, Tokumori K, Nakasimae A: Four-dimensional analysis of stomatognathic function. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008, 134:276-287.
• [62]Bubnov RV: Method of integrated three-dimensional modeling of biomedical objects. Patent Ukraine 2011, 61:777. IPC A61B 8/08, issued 25.07.2011 (Bull. N 14)
• [63]Bubnov RV: Ultrasonography diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. The initial experience. Ultrasound Med Biol 2011, 37(Suppl 1):S144-S145.
• [64]Smedmark V, Wallin M, Arvidsson I: Interexaminer reliability in assessing passive intervertebral motion of the cervical spine. Man Ther 2000, 5:97-101.
• [65]Hsieh YL, Kao MJ, Kuan TS, Chen SM, Chen JT, Hong CZ: Dry needling to a key myofascial trigger point may reduce the irritability of satellite MTrPs. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007, 86(5):397-403.
• [66]Tsai CT, Hsieh LF, Kuan TS, Kao MJ, Chou LW, Hong CZ: Remote effects of dry needling on the irritability of the myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2010, 89(2):133-140.
• [67]Borg-Stein J, Simons DG: Focused review: myofascial pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83(3, Suppl 1):S40-S47.
• [68]Hong CZ: Myofascial trigger points: pathophysiology and correlation with acupuncture points. Acupunct Med 2000, 18:41-47.
• [69]Chu J: The local mechanism of acupuncture. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2002, 65(7):299-302.
• [70]Shah JP, Phillips TM, Danoff JV, Gerber LH: An in-vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2005, 99:1980-1987.
• [71]Hong CZ, Chen YN, Twehous D, Hong DH: Pressure threshold for referred pain by compression on the trigger point and adjacent areas. J Musculoskelet Pain 1996, 4:61-79.
• [72]Hong CZ, Kuan TS, Chen JT, Chen SM: Referred pain elicited by palpation and by needling of myofascial trigger points: a comparison. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997, 78:957-960.
• [73]Hong CZ: Algometry in evaluation of trigger points and referred pain. J Musculoskelet Pain 1998, 6:47-59.
• [74]Wang F, Audette J: Electrophysiological characteristics of the local twitch response with active myofascial pain of neck compared with a control group with latent trigger points. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000, 79(2):203.
• [75]Liboff AR: Bioelectromagnetic fields and acupuncture. J Altern Complement Med 1997, 3(Suppl 1):S77-S87.
• [76]Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Cipolla MJ: Mechanical signaling through connective tissue: a mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. FASEB J 2001, 15:2275-2282.
• [77]Langevin HM, Bouffard NA, Badger GJ, Churchill DL, Howe AK: Subcutaneous tissue fibroblast cytoskeletal remodeling induced by acupuncture: evidence for a mechanotransduction-based mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2006, 207:767-774.
• [78]Langevin HM, Bouffard NA, Badger GJ, Iatridis JC, Howe AK: Dynamic fibroblast cytoskeletal response to subcutaneous tissue stretch ex vivo and in vivo. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005, 288:C747-C756.
• [79]Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Fox JR, Badger GJ, Garra BS, Krag MH: Biomechanical response to acupuncture needling in humans. J Appl Physiol 2001, 91:2471-2478.
• [80]Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Wu J, Badger GJ, Yandow JA, Fox JR, Krag MH: Evidence of connective tissue involvement in acupuncture. FASEB J 2002, 16:872-874.
• [81]Dommerholt J: Dry needling — peripheral and central considerations. J Man Manip Ther 2011, 19(4):223-237.
• [82]Bron C, Dommerholt J, Stegenga B, Wensing M, Oostendorp RA: High prevalence of shoulder girdle muscles with myofascial trigger points in patients with shoulder pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011, 12:139. BioMed Central Full Text
• [83]Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Madeleine P: Accelerated muscle fatigability of latent myofascial trigger points in humans. Pain Med 2012, 13(7):957-964.
• [84]Fryer G: Muscle energy concepts – a need for a change. J Osteopath Med 2000, 3(2):54-59.
• [85]Banks S, Jacobs D, Gevirtz R, Hubbard D: Effects of autogenic relaxation training on electromyographic activity in active myofascial trigger points. J Musculoskelet Pain 1998, 64(4):23-32.
• [86]Pratt CA: Evidence of positive force feedback among hindlimb extensors in the intact standing cat. J Neurophysiol 1995, 73(6):2578-2583.
• [87]Lundeberg T, Lund I, Näslund J: Acupuncture—self-appraisal and the reward system. Acupunct Med 2007, 25:87-99.
• [88]Campbell A: Point specificity of acupuncture in the light of recent clinical and imaging studies. Acupunct Med 2006, 24:118-122.
• [89]Pillen S: Skeletal muscle ultrasound. Eur J Transl Myol 2010, 1(4):145-155.
• [90]Pillen S, Verrips A, van Alfen N, Arts IM, Sie LT, Zwarts MJ: Quantitative skeletal muscle ultrasound: diagnostic value in childhood neuromuscular disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2007, 17:509-516.
• [91]Bubnov RV: Method of diagnosis of myopathy. Patent Ukraine 2011, 61:291. IPC A61B/08, issued 07.11.2011 (Bull. N 13)
• [92]Shah JP, Gilliams EA: Uncovering the biochemical milieu of myofascial trigger points using in vivo microdialysis: an application of muscle pain concepts to myofascial pain syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2008, 12:371-384.
• [93]Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM: Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG activity. Spine 1993, 18:1803-1807.
• [94]Gemmell H, Bagust J: Can surface electromyography differentiate muscle activity between upper trapezius muscles with active versus latent trigger points? A cross-sectional study. Clinical Chiropractic 2009, 12(2):67-73.
• [95]McPartland JM: Travel trigger points—molecular and osteopathic perspectives. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2004, 104(6):244-249.
• [96]Iadarola MJ, Coghill RC: Imaging of pain: recent developments. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 1999, 12(5):583-589.
• [97]Maihöfner C, Ringler R, Herrndobler F, Koppert W: Brain imaging of analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition in an experimental human pain model: a functional MRI study. Eur J Neurosci 2007, 26(5):1344-1356.
• [98]Peyron R, Frot M, Schneider F, Garcia-Larrea L, Mertens P, Barral FG, Sindou M, Laurent B, Mauguière F: Role of operculoinsular cortices in human pain processing: converging evidence from PET, fMRI, dipole modeling, and intracerebral recordings of evoked potentials. Neuroimage 2002, 17(3):1336-1346.
• [99]Bentley DE, Derbyshire SW, Youell PD, Jones AK: Caudal cingulate cortex involvement in pain processing: an inter-individual laser evoked potential source localisation study using realistic head models. Pain 2003, 102(3):265-271.
• [100]Porro CA: Functional imaging and pain: behavior, perception, and modulation. Neuroscientist 2003, 9(5):354-369.
• [101]Jackson PL, Meltzoff AN, Decety J: How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. Neuroimage 2005, 24:771-779.
• [102]Jackson PL, Brunet E, Meltzoff AN, Decety J: Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain: an event-related fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:752-761.
• [103]Boecker H, Sprenger T, Spilker ME, Henriksen G, Koppenhoefer M, Wagner KJ, Valet M, Berthele A, Tolle TR: The runner's high: opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2008, 18(11):2523-2531.
• [104]Penfield W, Faulk ME: The insula; further observations on its function. Brain 1955, 78(4):445-470.
• [105]Zhong HZ, Chang JL, Zhu D, Gao Y: An overview of researches on underlying mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by functional magnetic resonance imaging in recent 5 years. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2012, 37(2):161-167. in Chinese
• [106]Wolfe F: Fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990, 16(3):681-698.
• [107]Brezinschek HP: Mechanisms of muscle pain: significance of trigger points and tender points. Z Rheumatol 2008, 67(8):653-657.
• [108]Giamberardino MA, Affaitati G, Fabrizio A, Costantini R: Effects of treatment of myofascial trigger points on the pain of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2011, 15(5):393-399.
• [109]Alonso-Blanco C, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Morales-Cabezas M, Zarco-Moreno P, Ge HY, Florez-García M: Multiple active myofascial trigger points reproduce the overall spontaneous pain pattern in women with fibromyalgia and are related to widespread mechanical hypersensitivity. Clin J Pain 2011, 27(5):405-413.
• [110]Melzack R, Stillwell DM, Fox EI: Trigger points and acupuncture points for pains: correlation and implications. Pain 1977, 3:3-23.
• [111]Melzack R: Relation of myofascial trigger points to acupuncture and mechanisms of pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981, 62:114-117.
• [112]Dorsher P: Trigger points and acupuncture points: anatomic and clinical correlations. Med Acupunct 2006, 17(3):21-25.
• [113]Dorsher PT: Myofascial referred-pain data provide physiologic evidence of acupuncture meridians. J Pain 2009, 10(7):723-731.
• [114]Park JJ, Akazawa M, Ahn J, Beckman-Harned S, Lin F-C, Lee K, Fine J, Davis RT, Langevin H: Acupuncture sensation during ultrasound guided acupuncture needling. Acupunct Med 2011, 29:257-265.
• [115]Jimbo S, Atsuta Y, Kobayashi T, Matsuno T: Effects of dry needling at tender points for neck pain (Japanese: katakori): near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring muscular oxygenation of the trapezius. J Orthop Sci 2008, 13:101-106.
• [116]Washington K, Mosiello R, Venditto M, Simelaro J, Coughlin P, Crow WT, Nicholas A: Presence of Chapman reflex points in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2003, 103(10):479-483.
• [117]Langevin HM, Konofagou EE, Badger GJ, Churchill DL, Fox JR, Ophir J, Garra BS: Tissue displacements during acupuncture using ultrasound elastography techniques. Ultrasound Med Biol 2004, 30:1173-1183.
• [118]Hobbs V: Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Position Paper on Dry Needling. Baltimore: Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine; 2011.
• [119]Hasan ST, Hamdy FC, Schofield IS, Neal DE: Transrectal ultrasound guided needle electromyography of the urethral sphincter in males. Neurourol Urodyn 1995, 14(4):359-363.
• [120]Stuart RM, Winfree CJ: Neurostimulation techniques for painful peripheral nerve disorders. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2009, 20(1):111-120.
• [121]Huntoon MA, Burgher AH: Ultrasound-guided permanent implantation of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) system for neuropathic pain of the extremities: original cases and outcomes. Pain Med 2009, 10(8):1369-1377.
• [122]Bubnov RV, Abdullaiev RY: Main sonographic parameters of conduction of the lower extremities regional anesthesia under ultrasound guidance. Lik Sprava 2010, 7–8:97-107.
• [123]Lemke HU, Berliner L: Patient-specific modelling and model guided therapy. EPMA J 2011, 2(Suppl 1):S181.
• [124]Kapalla M, Kapallová D: Interpretation of laboratory results in the complex predictive diagnostics: status quo and perspectives. EPMA J 2011, 2(Suppl 1):S185-S186.
• [125]Bubnov RV, Melnyk IM: Question of choice, decision making in diagnostic imaging and intervention mistake prediction. Mathematical modeling approach. EPMA J 2011, 2(Suppl 1):186.
• [126]Melnyk IM, Bubnov RV: Choice of diagnostic decision making in medicine and intervention mistake prediction using mathematical models. Int J Inf Models Anal 2012, 1(1):78-83.