Methamphetamine intoxication in a dog: case report

BMC Veterinary Research

Xu Zhang²  Zengyang Pei¹ 

[1] Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;Ai’ xin Small Animal Hospital, 180-182 Jiaochang Hills Road, Cixi 315300, PR China

关键词: Gas chromatography mass spectrometry;    Urine screen test;    Disseminated intravascular coagulation;    Hyperthermia;    Tachycardia;    Agitation;    Dog;    Intoxication;    Methamphetamine;   

Others  :  866656
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-6148-10-139

 received in 2014-03-20, accepted in 2014-06-19,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Methamphetamine abuse has undergone a dramatic worldwide increase, and represents a significant and global issue for public health. Incidents of methamphetamine intoxication and death in humans are relatively commonplace. Because of its increasing illicit availability, together with legitimate use in human medicine, accidental or intentional exposure to methamphetamine in dogs is becoming a more likely scenario.

Case presentation

A 3-year-old, 3.7 kg intact female Miniature Poodle who had been intentionally fed an unknown amount of a crystalline-like substance developed extreme agitation, seizures, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), bloody diarrhea, and dilated pupils. Blood work revealed leukocytosis, erythropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, but all to a mild extent, together with mild elevation in both alanine aminotranferease (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and a mild decreased in glucose. Radiologic diagnosis revealed generalized, severe distension of the stomach and small intestinal tract with air. Immunochromatographic screening tests and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis confirmed methamphetamine intoxication and revealed concentrations of methamphetamine in blood and urine of 0.32 μg/mL and 2.35 μg/mL respectively. The dog demonstrated progressive improvement after supportive care, with the high fever resolved over the initial 24 hours of hospitalization, and agitation was successfully controlled beyond 48 hours after initial hospitalization. Hemostatic abnormalities were progressive improved after heparin therapy and supportive care. By the sixth day of hospitalization the dog was clinically well, and all laboratory data had returned to normal with the exception of a mild elevateion of ALKP.

Conclusion

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second case report of methamphetamine intoxication in dogs presented in veterinary practice in open literature so far. Although rare, methamphetamine intoxication should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with a toxic substance ingestion history and with typical nervous and cardiovascular system symptoms. In such cases rapid diagnosis and aggressive intervention is important for prognosis. Blood methamphetamine concentration may be a helpful value for assessment of the severity of intoxication and prediction of clinical outcomes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Pei and Zhang; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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