Intrauterine growth restriction and hypospadias: is there a connection?

International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

Lefkothea P Karaviti²  Bruce J Schlomer⁵  David R Roth³  Jennifer E Dietrich¹  Sheila K Gunn²  Charles G Macias⁴  Min-Jye Chen² 

[1] Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;Evidence-Based Outcomes Center and Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75207, USA

关键词: Hypospadias;    Placental insufficiency;    Low birth weight;    Small for gestational age;    Fetal growth restriction;    Intrauterine growth restriction;   

Others  :  1133566
DOI  :  10.1186/1687-9856-2014-20

 received in 2014-05-30, accepted in 2014-09-04,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations of the genitourinary tract in males. It is an incomplete fusion of urethral folds early in fetal development and may be associated with other malformations of the genital tract. The etiology is poorly understood and may be hormonal, genetic, or environmental, but most often is idiopathic or multifactorial. Among many possible risk factors identified, of particular importance is low birth weight, which is defined in various ways in the literature. No mechanism has been identified for the association of low birth weight and hypospadias, but some authors propose placental insufficiency as a common inciting factor. Currently, there is no standardized approach for evaluating children with hypospadias in the setting of intrauterine growth restriction. We reviewed the available published literature on the association of hypospadias and growth restriction to determine whether it should be considered a separate entity within the category of disorders of sexual differentiation.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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Figure 2.

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