Multiple episodes of aspirin overdose in an individual patient: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Richard O Day¹  Hergen Buscher¹  Priya Nair¹  Garry G Graham¹  Kenneth M Williams¹  Debasish Ghosh² 

[1] St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia

关键词: Urinary alkalization;    Toxicity;    Salicylate;    Potassium;    Overdose;    Euvolemia;    Aspirin;   

Others  :  1180979
DOI  :  10.1186/1752-1947-8-374

 received in 2014-07-23, accepted in 2014-08-28,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Introduction

Aspirin overdose, though now infrequently encountered, nevertheless continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. The patient described in this case report intentionally ingested overdoses of aspirin on repeated occasions. The case provided an unusual and possibly one-of-a-kind opportunity to focus on the variability in the time course of plasma salicylate concentrations with current treatment modalities of aspirin overdose in an individual patient.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old Caucasian man who weighed 45kg and had an extensive history of various drug overdoses and stage 3 chronic kidney disease presented to a tertiary university hospital on three occasions within 2 months after successive overdoses of aspirin. During his third admission, he overdosed with aspirin, while on the ward recovering from the previous aspirin overdose. The overdoses were categorized as “potentially lethal” on two occasions and as “serious” in the other two, based on the alleged dose of aspirin ingested (over 500mg/kg in the first two overdoses, and 320mg/kg and 498mg/kg in the other two, respectively). However, as assessed by the observed salicylate concentrations, the ingestions would more appropriately have been categorized as being of “moderate” severity for the first and second overdose and “mild” severity for each of the others. This categorization was more consistent with the clinical severity of his admissions. A single dose of activated charcoal was administered only after the second overdose. On each occasion, he was given intravenous fluid with the aim of achieving euvolemia. Urinary alkalization was not attempted during the first admission, which was associated with the longest apparent elimination half-life of salicylate (30 hours). A plasma potassium concentration of approximately 4mmol/L appeared to be needed for adequate urinary alkalization.

Conclusion

In a patient with impaired renal function, intravenous fluid and urinary alkalization are the mainstays of treatment of aspirin overdose. Correction of hypokalemia is recommended. Repeated doses of charcoal may be a worthwhile intervention when there is no risk of aspiration. Our experience in this case also revealed considerable unexplained variation in management despite the availability of guidelines. It is, therefore, important to monitor the implementation of available guidelines.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Ghosh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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