Waist–hip ratio and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women

Breast Cancer Research

Olunfunmilayo I Olopade⁴  Charles N Rotimi³  Effiong E Akang¹  Oladapo B Campbell⁵  Rasheed A Oyesegun⁵  Adeniyi A Adenipekun⁵  Temidayo O Ogundiran⁶  Clement A Adebamowo² 

[1] Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington DC, USA;Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;Radiotherapy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

关键词: women;    waist–hip ratio;    obesity;    Nigeria;    breast cancer;   

Others  :  1118814
DOI  :  10.1186/bcr567

 received in 2002-08-12, accepted in 2002-12-05,  发布年份 2002

【 摘 要 】

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between waist–hip ratio and the risk of breast cancer in an urban Nigerian population.

Methods

Between March 1998 and August 2000, we conducted a case–control study of hospital-based breast cancer patients (n = 234) and population-based controls (n = 273) using nurse interviewers in urban Southwestern Nigeria.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression showed a significant association between the highest tertile of waist–hip ratio and the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio= 2.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–6.80) among postmenopausal women. No association was found in premenopausal women.

Conclusion

The present study, the first in an indigenous African population, supports other studies that have shown a positive association between obesity and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

【 授权许可】

   
2003 Adebamowo et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This article is published in Open Access:verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM: ABC of breast diseases. Breast cancer-epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics. BMJ 2000, 321:624-628.
• [2]Fisher B, Osborne KC, Bloomer WD, Margolese RG: Neoplasms of the breast. In In Cancer Medicine Plus [CD-ROM]. Edited by Holland JF, Frei III E, Bast RC, Morton DL, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1998.
• [3]Adebamowo CA, Ajayi OO: Breast cancer in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2000, 19:179-191.
• [4]Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AM, West DW, Wu-Williams AH, Kolonel LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosen-thal JF: Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993, 85:1819-1827.
• [5]Rose DP, Royak-Schaler R: Tumor biology and prognosis in black breast cancer patients: a review. Cancer Detect Prev 2001, 25:16-31.
• [6]Friedenreich CM: Review of anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001, 10:15-32.
• [7]Lev-Ran A: Human obesity: an evolutionary approach to understanding our bulging waistline. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001, 17:347-362.
• [8]Swerdlow AJ, De Stavola BL, Floderus B, Holm NV, Kaprio J, Verkasalo PK, Mack T: Risk factors for breast cancer at young ages in twins: an international population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002, 94:1238-1246.
• [9]Stoll BA: Upper abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer risk. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002, 26:747-753.
• [10]WHO: WHO MONICA Project Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization MONICA Project;. 1990.
• [11]Tannenbaum A: Genesis and growth of tumors. II. Effects of caloric restriction per se. Cancer Res 1942, 2:460-467.
• [12]Kolterman OG, Insel J, Saekow M, Olefsky JM: Mechanisms of insulin resistance in human obesity. J Clin Invest 1980, 65:1272-1284.
• [13]Del Giudice ME, Fantus IG, Ezzat S, McKeown-Eyssen G, Page D, Goodwin PJ: Insulin and related factors in premenopausal breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998, 47:111-120.
• [14]Folsom AR, Vitelli LL, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Watson RL, Wagenknecht LE: Is fasting insulin concentration inversely associated with rate of weight gain? Contrasting findings from CARDIA and ARIC study cohorts. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998, 22:48-54.
• [15]Kaaks R: Nutrition, hormones, and breast cancer: is insulin the missing link? Cancer Causes Control 1996, 7:605-625.
• [16]Toniolo PG: Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer risk: the case for prospective cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 1997, 105:587-592.
• [17]Pollack M: Insulin-like growth factor physiology and cancer risk. Eur J Cancer 2000, 36:1224-1228.
• [18]Mackenzie I: The production of mammary cancer in rats using oestrogens. Br J Cancer 1955, 9:284-299.
• [19]Kelsey JL, Bernstein L: Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Annu Rev Public Health 1996, 17:47-67.
• [20]Key TJ, Pike MC: The role of oestrogens and progestagens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988, 24:29-43.
• [21]Lilienfeld AM: The relationship of cancer of the female breast to artificial menopause and marital status. Cancer 1956, 9:927-934.
• [22]Bush TL, Helzlsouer KJ: Tamoxifen for the primary prevention of breast cancer: a review and critique of the concept and trial. Epidemiol Rev 1993, 15:233-244.
• [23]Huang Z, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE: Waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999, 150:1316-1324.
• [24]Kaaks R, Van Noord PA, Den Tonkelaar I, Peeters PJ, Riboli E, Grobbee DE: Breast-cancer incidence in relation to height, weight and body-fat distribution in the Dutch 'DOM' cohort. Int J Cancer 1998, 76:647-651.
• [25]Sellers TA, Sprafka JM, Gapstur SM, Rich SS, Potter JD, Ross JA, McGovern PG, Nelson CL, Folsom AR: Does body fat distribution promote familial aggregation of adult onset diabetes mellitus and postmenopausal breast cancer? Epidemiology 1994, 5:102-108.
• [26]Sellers TA, Davis J, Cerhan JR, Vierkant RA, Olson JE, Pankratz VS, Potter JD, Folsom AR: Interaction of waist/hip ratio and family history on the risk of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 155:225-233.
• [27]Sonnenschein E, Toniolo P, Terry MB, Bruning PF, Kato I, Koenig KL, Shore RE: Body fat distribution and obesity in pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1999, 28:1026-1031.
• [28]Ballard-Barbash R, Schatzkin A, Carter CL, Kannel WB, Kreger BE, D'Agostino RB, Splansky GL, Anderson KM, Helsel WE: Body fat distribution and breast cancer in the Framingham Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990, 82:286-290.
• [29]Schapira DV, Kumar NB, Lyman GH, Cox CE: Abdominal obesity and breast cancer risk. Ann Intern Med 1990, 112:182-186.
• [30]den Tonkelaar I, Seidell JC, Collette HJ, de Waard F: Obesity and subcutaneous fat patterning in relation to breast cancer in postmenopausal women participating in the Diagnostic Investigation of Mammary Cancer Project. Cancer 1992, 69:2663-2667.
• [31]Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Schoenberg JB, Malone KE, Gammon MD, Stanford JL, Shorr IJ, Potischman NA, Brinton LA: Body size and breast cancer risk among women under age 45 years. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 143:698-706.
• [32]Bruning PF, Bonfrer JM, Hart AA, van Noord PA, van der Hoeven H, Collette HJ, Battermann JJ, de Jong-Bakker M, Nooijen WJ, de Waard F: Body measurements, estrogen availability and the risk of human breast cancer – a case–control study. Int J Cancer 1992, 51:14-19.
• [33]Folsom AR, Kaye SA, Prineas RJ, Potter JD, Gapstur SM, Wallace RB: Increased incidence of carcinoma of the breast assoicated with abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1990, 131:794-803.
• [34]Mannisto S, Pietinen P, Pyy M: Body size indicators and risk of breast cancer according to menopause and estrogen receptor status. Cancer 1996, 68:8-13.
• [35]Petrek JA, Peters M, Cirrincione C, Rhodes D, Bajorunas D: Is body fat topography a risk factor for breast cancer? Ann Intern Med 1993, 118:356-362.
• [36]Hall IJ, Newman B, Millikan RC, Moorman PG: Body size and breast cancer risk in black women and white women: the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Am J Epidemiol 2000, 151:754-764.
• [37]Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Shi JR, Potter JD, Brinton LA, Hebert JR, Ruan Z, Gao YT, Zheng W: Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2001, 94:449-455.
• [38]World Health Organization: Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization;. 2002, 1-55.
• [39]London SJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Rosner B, Speizer FE: Prospective study of relative weight, height, and risk of breast cancer. JAMA 1989, 262:2853-2858.