CK19 is a sensitive marker for yolk sac tumours of the testis

Diagnostic Pathology

Carl-Ludwig Behnes²  Heinz-Joachim Radzun²  Stefan Schweyer¹  Arne Strauß³  Nadine Gaisa⁵  Jasmin Strecker²  Hubertus Jarry⁴  Philipp Ströbel²  Felix Bremmer² 

[1] Gemeinschaftspraxis Pathologie, Starnberg, Germany;Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;Department of Urology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

关键词: Immunohistochemical expression;    CK19;    Yolk sac tumours;    Testicular germ cell tumours;   

Others  :  1150285
DOI  :  10.1186/s13000-015-0243-y

 received in 2014-08-19, accepted in 2015-03-04,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Malignant germ cell tumours are the most common malignant tumours in young men. They are histologically divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Non-seminomas are further subdivided into embryonic carcinomas, yolk sac tumours, chorionic carcinomas, and teratomas. For the therapeutic management it is essential to differentiate between these histological subtypes.

Methods

Investigated cases included normal testis (n = 50), intratubular germ cell neoplasia (n = 25), seminomas (n = 67), embryonic carcinomas (n = 56), yolk sac tumours (n = 29), chorionic carcinomas (n = 2), teratomas (n = 7) and four metastases of YST’s for their CK19 expression. In addition Leydig cell- (n = 10) and Sertoli cell- tumours (n = 4) were included in this study.

Results

All investigated seminomas, embryonic carcinomas as well as normal testis and intratubular germ cell neoplasias did not express CK19. In contrast, all investigated yolk sac tumours strongly expressed CK19 protein. These findings became also evident in mixed germ cell tumours consisting of embryonic carcinomas and yolk sac tumours, although CK19-expression could also be observed in analysed chorionic carcinomas and epithelial components of teratomas.

Conclusion

CK19 proved to be a sensitive marker to identify yolk sac tumours of the testis and to distinguish them from other germ cell tumours, especially seminomas and embryonic carcinomas.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4075546891400979. webcite

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Bremmer et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Beyer J, Albers P, Altena R, Aparicio J, Bokemeyer C, Busch J, et al.: Maintaining success, reducing treatment burden, focusing on survivorship: highlights from the third European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ-cell cancer. Ann Oncol 2013, 24(4):878-88.
• [2]Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, Purdue MP, Cook MB, McGlynn KA: International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973–2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010, 19(5):1151-9.
• [3]Horwich A, Shipley J, Huddart R: Testicular germ-cell cancer. Lancet 2006, 367(9512):754-65.
• [4]Looijenga LH, Stoop H, de Leeuw HP, de Gouveia Brazao CA, Gillis AJ, van Roozendaal KE, et al.: POU5F1 (OCT3/4) identifies cells with pluripotent potential in human germ cell tumors. Cancer Res 2003, 63(9):2244-50.
• [5]Cao D, Li J, Guo CC, Allan RW, Humphrey PA: SALL4 is a novel diagnostic marker for testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2009, 33(7):1065-77.
• [6]Sonne SB, Herlihy AS, Hoei-Hansen CE, Nielsen JE, Almstrup K, Skakkebaek NE, et al.: Identity of M2A (D2-40) antigen and gp36 (Aggrus, T1A-2, podoplanin) in human developing testis, testicular carcinoma in situ and germ-cell tumours. Virchows Arch 2006, 449(2):200-6.
• [7]Izquierdo MA, Van der Valk P, Van Ark-Otte J, Rubio G, Germa-Lluch JR, Ueda R, et al.: Differential expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene in germ cell tumours. J Pathol 1995, 177(3):253-8.
• [8]Gillis AJ, Stoop H, Biermann K, van Gurp RJ, Swartzman E, Cribbes S, et al.: Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis. Int J Androl 2011, 34(4 Pt 2):e160-74.
• [9]Leroy X, Augusto D, Leteurtre E, Gosselin B: CD30 and CD117 (c-kit) used in combination are useful for distinguishing embryonal carcinoma from seminoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2002, 50(2):283-5.
• [10]Ota S, Hishinuma M, Yamauchi N, Goto A, Morikawa T, Fujimura T, et al.: Oncofetal protein glypican-3 in testicular germ-cell tumor. Virchows Arch 2006, 449(3):308-14.
• [11]Zynger DL, Dimov ND, Luan C, Teh BT, Yang XJ: Glypican 3: a novel marker in testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2006, 30(12):1570-5.
• [12]Hurlimann J, Gardiol D: Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of liver carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 1991, 15(3):280-8.
• [13]Capurro M, Wanless IR, Sherman M, Deboer G, Shi W, Miyoshi E, et al.: Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2003, 125(1):89-97.
• [14]Lai YS, Thung SN, Gerber MA, Chen ML, Schaffner F: Expression of cytokeratins in normal and diseased livers and in primary liver carcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1989, 113(2):134-8.
• [15]Roskams T, De Vos R, Van Eyken P, Myazaki H, Van Damme B, Desmet V: Hepatic OV-6 expression in human liver disease and rat experiments: evidence for hepatic progenitor cells in man. J Hepatol 1998, 29(3):455-63.
• [16]Uenishi T, Yamazaki O, Tanaka H, Takemura S, Yamamoto T, Tanaka S, et al.: Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) as a prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15(2):583-9.
• [17]Ding SJ, Li Y, Tan YX, Jiang MR, Tian B, Liu YK, et al.: From proteomic analysis to clinical significance: overexpression of cytokeratin 19 correlates with hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2004, 3(1):73-81.
• [18]Nasser SM, Pitman MB, Pilch BZ, Faquin WC: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma: diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19 immunostaining. Cancer 2000, 90(5):307-11.
• [19]Ignatiadis M, Perraki M, Apostolaki S, Politaki E, Xenidis N, Kafousi M, et al.: Molecular detection and prognostic value of circulating cytokeratin-19 messenger RNA-positive and HER2 messenger RNA-positive cells in the peripheral blood of women with early-stage breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2007, 7(11):883-9.
• [20]Pujol JL, Grenier J, Daures JP, Daver A, Pujol H, Michel FB: Serum fragment of cytokeratin subunit 19 measured by CYFRA 21–1 immunoradiometric assay as a marker of lung cancer. Cancer Res 1993, 53(1):61-6.
• [21]Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI: World health organization classifications of tumours. pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. IARC press, Lyon; 2004.
• [22]Ulbright TM, Young RH: Tumors of the Testis and adjacent Structures. In: Silverberg SG (ed) AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology., vol. 18: ARP Press, Silver Spring Maryland; 2013.
• [23]Lee SD: Epidemiological and clinical behavior of prepubertal testicular tumors in Korea. J Urol 2004, 172(2):674-8.
• [24]Ross JH, Rybicki L, Kay R: Clinical behavior and a contemporary management algorithm for prepubertal testis tumors: a summary of the prepubertal testis tumor registry. J Urol 2002, 168(4 Pt 2):1675-8. discussion 1678–1679
• [25]Nogales FF, Preda O, Nicolae A: Yolk sac tumours revisited. A review of their many faces and names. Histopathology 2012, 60(7):1023-33.
• [26]Durnez A, Verslype C, Nevens F, Fevery J, Aerts R, Pirenne J, et al.: The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. A possible progenitor cell origin. Histopathology 2006, 49(2):138-51.
• [27]Bartkova J, Rejthar A, Bartek J, Kovarik J: Differentiation patterns of testicular germ-cell tumours as revealed by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Tumour Biol 1987, 8(1):45-56.
• [28]Clark RK, Damjanov I: Intermediate filaments of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1985, 407(2):203-8.
• [29]Roskams TA, Libbrecht L, Desmet VJ: Progenitor cells in diseased human liver. Semin Liver Dis 2003, 23(4):385-96.
• [30]Sell S: Cellular origin of cancer: dedifferentiation or stem cell maturation arrest? Environ Health Perspect 1993, 101(Suppl 5):15-26.