The involvement of aldosterone on vascular insulin resistance: implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Rita C Tostes¹  Marcondes AB da Silva¹  Thiago Bruder-Nascimento¹ 

[1] Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil

关键词: Cardiovascular disease;    Vascular dysfunction;    Insulin resistance;    Aldosterone;   

Others  :  1115038
DOI  :  10.1186/1758-5996-6-90

 received in 2014-06-23, accepted in 2014-08-02,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone produced at the adrenal glands, controls corporal hydroelectrolytic balance and, consequently, has a key role in blood pressure adjustments. Aldosterone also has direct effects in many organs, including the vasculature, leading to many cellular events that influence proliferation, migration, inflammation, redox balance and apoptosis.

Aldosterone effects depend on its binding to mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). Aldosterone binding to MR triggers two pathways, the genomic pathway and the non-genomic pathway. In the vasculature e.g., activation of the non-genomic pathway by aldosterone induces rapid effects that involve activation of kinases, phosphatases, transcriptional factors and NAD(P)H oxidases.

Aldosterone also plays a crucial role on systemic and vascular insulin resistance, i.e. the inability of a tissue to respond to insulin. Insulin has a critical role on cell function and vascular insulin resistance is considered an early contributor to vascular damage. Accordingly, aldosterone impairs insulin receptor (IR) signaling by altering the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and by inducing oxidative stress and crosstalk between the IR and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).

This mini-review focuses on the relationship between aldosterone and vascular insulin resistance. Evidence indicating MR antagonists as therapeutic tools to minimize vascular injury associated with obesity and diabetes type 2 is also discussed.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Bruder-Nascimento et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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