Apolipoprotein E expression is elevated by interleukin 1 and other interleukin 1-induced factors

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Steven W Barger¹  W Sue T Griffin¹  Robert E Mrak²  Richard A Jones³  Orwa Aboud³  Ling Liu³ 

[1] Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock AR 72205, USA;Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo OH 43614, USA;Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR 72205, USA

关键词: secreted amyloid precursor protein (sAPP);    neuronal stress;    neuroinflammation;    interleukin-1 (IL-1β);    glutamate;    excitotoxicity;    beta amyloid precursor protein (βAPP);    apolipoprotein E (ApoE);    amyloid beta (Aβ);    Alzheimer's disease (AD);   

Others  :  1212952
DOI  :  10.1186/1742-2094-8-175

 received in 2011-06-21, accepted in 2011-12-15,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

We have previously outlined functional interactions, including feedback cycles, between several of the gene products implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A number of Alzheimer-related stressors induce neuronal expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), and fragments of the latter such as amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and secreted APP (sAPP). These stressors include interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated neuroinflammation and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Such circumstances are especially powerful when they transpire in the context of an APOE ε4 allele.

Methods

Semi-quantitative immunofluorescence imaging was used to analyze rat brains implanted with IL-1β slow-release pellets, sham pellets, or no pellets. Primary neuronal or NT2 cell cultures were treated with IL-1β, glutamate, Aβ, or sAPP; relative levels of ApoE mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and western immunoblot analysis. Cultures were also treated with inhibitors of multi-lineage kinases--in particular MAPK-p38 (SB203580), ERK (U0126), or JNK (SP600125)--prior to exposure of cultures to IL-1β, Aβ, sAPP, or glutamate.

Results

Immunofluorescence of tissue sections from pellet-implanted rats showed that IL-1β induces expression of βAPP, IL-1α, and ApoE; the latter was confirmed by western blot analysis. These protein changes were mirrored by increases in their mRNAs, as well as in those encoding IL-1β, IL-1β-converting enzyme (ICE), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). IL-1β also increased ApoE expression in neuronal cultures. It stimulated release of sAPP and glutamate in these cultures too, and both of these agents--as well as Aβ--stimulated ApoE expression themselves, suggesting that they may contribute to the effect of IL-1β on ApoE levels. Inhibitors of MAPK-p38, ERK, and JNK inhibited ApoE induction by all these agents except glutamate, which was sensitive only to inhibitors of ERK and JNK.

Conclusion

Conditions of glial activation and hyperexcitation can elevate proinflammatory cytokines, ApoE, glutamate, βAPP, and its secreted fragments. Because each of these factors promotes glial activation and neuronal hyperexcitation, these relationships have the potential to sustain self-propagating neurodegenerative cycles that could culminate in a progressive neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Liu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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