Moving in extreme environments: inert gas narcosis and underwater activities

Extreme Physiology & Medicine

James E Clark¹ 

[1] Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences and British Heart Foundation Excellence Centre, Cardiovascular Division, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK

关键词: Underwater;    Diving;    SCUBA;    Nitrogen;    Inert gas;    Narcosis;    Extreme environments;   

Others  :  1204314
DOI  :  10.1186/s13728-014-0020-7

 received in 2014-09-18, accepted in 2014-12-11,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Exposure to the underwater environment for pleasure or work poses many challenges on the human body including thermal stress, barotraumas, decompression sickness as well as the acute effects of breathing gases under pressure. With the popularity of recreational self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving on the increase and deep inland dive sites becoming more accessible, it is important that we understand the effects of breathing pressurised gas at depth can have on the body. One of the common consequences of hyperbaric gas is the narcotic effect of inert gas. Nitrogen (a major component of air) under pressure can impede mental function and physical performance at depths of as little as 10 m underwater. With increased depth, symptoms can worsen to include confusion, disturbed coordination, lack of concentration, hallucinations and unconsciousness. Narcosis has been shown to contribute directly to up to 6% of deaths in divers and is likely to be indirectly associated with other diving incidents at depth. This article explores inert gas narcosis, the effect on divers’ movement and function underwater and the proposed physiological mechanisms. Also discussed are some of the factors that affect the susceptibility of divers to the condition. In conclusion, understanding the cause of this potentially debilitating problem is important to ensure that safe diving practices continue.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Clark; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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