The association between organizational behavior factors and health-related quality of life among college teachers: a cross-sectional study

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Lie Wang¹  Mengyao Li¹  Xue Shen¹  Shu Wang¹  Chuan Liu¹ 

[1] Department of Social Medicine, School of public health, China Medical University, No.92 North Second Road, Heping District 110001, Shenyang, China

关键词: Psychological empowerment;    Perceived organizational support;    Organizational justice;    Group identification;    Psychological capital;    Health-related quality of life;    College teacher;   

Others  :  1224744
DOI  :  10.1186/s12955-015-0287-4

 received in 2014-05-02, accepted in 2015-06-17,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

College teachers in China are confronted with a lot of pressure from teaching, researching and living. They are suffering from impaired physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between organizational behavior factors and college teachers’ health related quality of life (HRQOL), and to confirm whether they are positive resources for improving teachers’ HRQOL.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenyang, China, from January to April 2014. Participants were composed of 965 teachers randomly selected from five representative colleges in Shenyang. Self-administrated questionnaires containing the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Chinese version Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and scales assessing group identification, POS, and psychological empowerment were used to measure HRQOL and organizational behavior variables of college teachers. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMR) was performed to explore the effects of organizational behavior variables on college teachers’ HRQOL.

Results

The mean (SD) scores of physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) among college teachers were 71.43 (14.70) and 65.46 (16.55) respectively in the study population. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that group identification (β = 0.121, P < 0.001) and PsyCap (β = 0.336, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of PCS, while group identification (β = 0.107, P < 0.001), POS (β = 0.124, P = 0.003), psychological empowerment (β = 0.093, P = 0.017) and PsyCap (β = 0.421, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of MCS.

Conclusion

Chinese college teachers experienced relatively low level of HRQOL and their mental quality of life (QOL) were impaired more seriously than physical QOL. Organizational behavior factors (PsyCap, group identification, POS and psychological empowerment) were strong predictors of college teachers’ HRQOL and are positive resources for improving teachers’ HRQOL. The enhancement of college teachers’ PsyCap, group identification, POS and psychological empowerment at work should be incorporated in the strategy of protecting and improving college teachers’ physical and mental QOL.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Liu et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Yan FJ. China’s academic profession in transition from the perspective of institutional analysis. J Educ I Studies. 2009; 5:8-17.
• [2]Bao W, Wang JY. Stress in the ivory tower: an empirical study of stress and academic productivity among university faculty in China. Peking Univ Educ Rev. 2012; 10:124-38.
• [3]Jacobs JA, Winslow SE. Overworked faculty: Job stresses and family demands. Ann Am Acad Political Soc Sci. 2004; 596:104-29.
• [4]Kyriacou C. Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educ Rev. 2001; 53:27-35.
• [5]Kyriacou C, Sutcliffe J. Teacher stress: A review. Educ Rev. 1977; 29:299-306.
• [6]Schaufeli WB, Greenglass ER. Introduction to special issue on burnout and health. Psychol Health. 2001; 16:501-10.
• [7]Forcella L, Di Donato A, Coccia U et al.. Anxiety, job stress and job insecurity among teachers with indefinite or definite time contract. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007; 29 Suppl:683-9.
• [8]Unterbrink T, Zimmermann L, Pfeifer R et al.. Parameters influencing health variables in a sample of 949 German teachers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008; 82:117-23.
• [9]Ge C, Yang X, Fan Y et al.. Quality of life among Chinese college teachers: a cross-sectional survey. Public Health. 2011; 125:308-10.
• [10]Yang X, Ge C, Hu B et al.. Relationship between quality of life and occupational stress among teachers. Public Health. 2009; 123:750-5.
• [11]Özdöl Y, Pınar S, Dayanç P et al.. Investigation of physical activity level and life quality of elementary school teachers under the ministry of national education. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2014; 116:3175-9.
• [12]Mykletun RJ. Teacher stress: Perceived and objective sources, and quality of life. Scand J Educ Res. 1984; 28:17-45.
• [13]Griffin R, Moorhead G. Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008938344, South-Western, 5191 S.W. Natorp Blvd. Mason, OH 45040, USA; 2011.
• [14]Avey JB, Luthans F, Jensen SM. Psychological Capital: a positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Hum Resource Manage. 2009; 48:677-93.
• [15]Luthans F, Youssef CM. Human, social and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organ Dyn. 2004; 33:143-60.
• [16]Luthans F, Avolio BJ, Avey JB et al.. Positive psychological capital: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Pers Psychol. 2007; 60:541-72.
• [17]Luthans F, Luthans KW, Luthans BC. Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons. 2000; 47:45-50.
• [18]Liu L, Chang Y, Fu J et al.. The mediating role of psychological capital on the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese physicians: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:219. BioMed Central Full Text
• [19]Wang Y, Chang Y, Fu J et al.. Work-family conflict and burnout among Chinese female nurses: the mediating effect of psychological capital. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:915. BioMed Central Full Text
• [20]Henry KB, Arrow H, Carini B. A tripartite model of group identification: theory and measurement. Small Group Res. 1999; 30:558-81.
• [21]Sani F, Herrera M, Bowe M. Perceived collective continuity and ingroup identification as defence against death awareness. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009; 45:242-5.
• [22]Sani F, Herrera M, Wakefield JR et al.. Comparing social contact and group identification as predictors of mental health. Br J Soc Psychol. 2012; 51:781-90.
• [23]Lincoln KD, Chae DH. Emotional support, negative interaction and major depressive disorder among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: findings from the National Survey of American Life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012; 47:361-72.
• [24]Greenberg J, Cropanzano R. Advances in organization justice. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, Ca; 2001.
• [25]Colquitt JA. On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. J Appl Psychol. 2001; 86:386-400.
• [26]Kılıçlar A. The examination of the relationship between the trust to the manager and organizational justice in term of teachers. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2011; 3:23-36.
• [27]Greenberg J. Organizational justice: yesterday, today and tomorrow. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1990; 16:399-432.
• [28]Elovainio M, Heponiemi T, Sinervo T et al.. Organizational justice and health; review of evidence. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2010; 32(3 Suppl B):B5-9.
• [29]Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchinson S et al.. Perceived organizational support. J Appl Psychol. 1986; 71:500-7.
• [30]Shore LM, Wayne SJ. Commitment and employee behavior: Comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. J Appl Psychol. 1993; 78:774-80.
• [31]Riggle RJ, Edmondson DR, Hansen JD. A meta-analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes: 20 years of research. J Bus Res. 2009; 62:1027-30.
• [32]Grant-Vallone EJ, Ensher EA. An examination of work and personal life conflict, organizational support, and employee health among international expatriates. Int J Intercult Relat. 2001; 25:261-78.
• [33]Richardsen AM, Burke RJ, Mikkelsen A. Job pressures, organizational support, and health among Norwegian women managers. Int J Stress Manag. 1999; 6:167-77.
• [34]Arnold KA, Dupré KE. Perceived organizational support, employee health and emotions. Int J Workplace Health Manag. 2012; 5:139-52.
• [35]Spreitzer GM. Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Acad Manage J. 1995; 38:1442-65.
• [36]Spreitzer GM, Kizilos MA, Nason SW. A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness satisfaction, and strain. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1997; 23:679-704.
• [37]Hochwälder J, Brucefors AB. Psychological empowerment at the workplace as a predictor of ill health. Pers Individ Dif. 2005; 39:1237-48.
• [38]Ware JE, Kosinski M, Gandek B et al.. The factor structure of the SF-36 health survey in 10 countries: results from the IQOLA project. International quality of life assessment. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998; 51:1159-65.
• [39]Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36 item short-form health survey (sf-36).1. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992; 30:473-83.
• [40]Wang R, Wu C, Zhao Y et al.. Health related quality of life measured by SF-36: a population-based study in Shanghai. China BMC public health. 2008; 8:292. BioMed Central Full Text
• [41]Luthans F, Youssef CM, Avolio BJ. Psychological capital: developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press, Oxford; 2007.
• [42]Wang Y, Liu L, Wang J et al.. Work-family conflict and burnout among Chinese doctors: the mediating role of psychological capital. J Occup Health. 2012; 54:232-40.
• [43]Lambert SJ. Added benefits: The link between work-life benefits and organizational citizenship behavior. Acad Manage J. 2000; 43:801-15.
• [44]Fu J, Sun W, Wang Y et al.. Improving job satisfaction of Chinese doctors: the positive effects of perceived organizational support and psychological capital. Public health. 2013; 127:946-51.
• [45]Wayne SJ, Shore LM, Liden RC. Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: a social exchange perspective. Acad Manage J. 1997; 40:82-111.
• [46]Zhu YB, Wang Q, Chen KF et al.. Predictors of health-related quality of life in the general population. Chin J Behav Med Brain Sci. 2009; 18:254-9.
• [47]Li L, Wang HM, Shen Y. Chinese SF-36 Health Survey: translation, cultural adaptation, validation, and normalization. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003; 57:259-63.
• [48]Deyo RA, Inui TS. LeiningerJD, et al.: Measuring functional outcomes in chronic disease: a comparison of traditional scales and a self- administered health status questionnaire in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Med Care. 1983; 21:180-92.
• [49]Given CW. Measuring the social psychological health states of ambulatory chronically ill patients: hypertension and diabetes as tracer conditions. J Community Health. 1984; 9:179-95.
• [50]Mason JH, Weener JL, Gertman PM et al.. Health status in chronic disease: a comparative study of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1983; 10:763-8.
• [51]Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E et al.. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007; 370:851-8.
• [52]Umberson D, Williams K: Family status and mental health. Handbook of the sociology of mental health. Springer US; 1999: 225–53.
• [53]Moore JE. Why is this happening? A causal attribution approach to work exhaustion consequences. Acad Manage Rev. 2000; 25:335-49.
• [54]Burke RJ, Greenglass E. A longitudinal study of pychological burnout in teachers. Hum Relat. 1995; 48:187-202.
• [55]Korunka C, Hoonakker P, Carayon P. Quality of working life and turnover intention in information technology work. Human Factors Ergonomics Manufactur Service Industries. 2008; 18:409-23.
• [56]Şahin DR, Çubuk D, Uslu T. The effect of organizational support, transformational leadership, personnel empowerment, work engagement, performance and demographical variables on the factors of psychological capital. EMAJ: Emerging Markets J. 2014; 3:1-17.
• [57]Liu L, Hu S, Wang L et al.. Positive resources for combating depressive symptoms among Chinese male correctional officers: perceived organizational support and psychological capital. BMC psychiatry. 2013; 13:89. BioMed Central Full Text
• [58]Luthans F. The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. J Organ Behav. 2002; 23:695-706.
• [59]Luthans F, Allan HC. Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Acad Manag Exec. 2002; 16:57-72.
• [60]Tajfel H, Turner JC. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. Psychology Press, New York, NY, US; 2004.
• [61]Ellemers N, Spears R, Doosje B. Sticking together or falling apart: In-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997; 72:617.
• [62]Bezrukova K, Jehn KA, Zanutto EL et al.. Do workgroup faultlines help or hurt? A moderated model of faultlines, team identification, and group performance. Organ Sci. 2009; 20:35-50.
• [63]Wang G, Lee PD. Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction an analysis of interactive effects. J Health Organ Manag. 2009; 34:271-96.
• [64]Koberg CS, Boss RW, Senjem JC et al.. Antecedents and outcomes of empowerment. Group Org Manage. 1999; 24:71-91.
• [65]Laschinger HKS, Finegan J, Shamian J et al.. Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: expanding Kanter’s model. J Nurs Adm. 2001; 31:260-72.
• [66]Stander MW, Rothmann S. Psychological empowerment, job insecurity and employee engagement. SA J Ind Psychol. 2010; 36:1-8.
• [67]Rhoades L, Eisenberger R. Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. J Appl Psychol. 2002; 87:698.
• [68]Elovainio M, van den Bos K, Linna A et al.. Combined effects of uncertainty and organizational justice on employee health: testing the uncertainty management model of fairness judgments among Finnish public sector employees. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 61:2501-12.
• [69]Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J et al.. Organisational justice and health of employees: prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2003; 60:27-33.
• [70]Elovainio M1, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Organizational justice: evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. Am J Public Health. 2002; 92:105-8.
• [71]Olkkonen ME, Lipponen J. Relationships between organizational justice, identification with organization and work unit, and group-related outcomes. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2006; 100:202-15.
• [72]Jordan JS, Turner BA, Pack SM. Organizational justice as a predictor of perceived organizational support. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008; 79:A92-3.
• [73]Najafi S, Noruzy A, Azar HK et al.. Investigating the relationship between organizational justice, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical model. African J Business Manage. 2011; 5:5241-8.
• [74]Du J, Choi JN, Hashem F. Interaction between one’s own and others’ procedural justice perceptions and citizenship behaviors in organizational teams: The moderating role of group identification. Group Dynamics: Theory, Rese Practice. 2012; 16:289.
• [75]Moorman RH, Blakely GL, Niehoff BP. Does perceived organizational support mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Acad Manage J. 1998; 41:351-7.
• [76]Cho J, Treadway DC. Organizational identification and perceived organizational support as mediators of the procedural justice–citizenship behaviour relationship: A cross-cultural constructive replication. Eur J Work Organ Psy. 2011; 20:631-53.
• [77]Gillet N, Colombat P, Michinov E et al.. Procedural justice, supervisor autonomy support, work satisfaction, organizational identification and job performance: the mediating role of need satisfaction and perceived organizational support. J Adv Nurs. 2013; 69:2560-71.