Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated toxic diazo dye C.I. Direct Red 81 by Enterococcus faecalis YZ 66

Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering

Girish R Pathade⁴  Ganesh D Saratale³  Rijuta G Saratale¹  Madhuri M Sahasrabudhe² 

[1] Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, India;Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, MS, India;Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, MS, India;H.V. Desai College, Pune, MS, India

关键词: GC-MS;    ADMI;    Azoreductase;    Lignin peroxidase;    ABTS;    Enterococcus faecalis;    Direct Red 81;   

Others  :  1133713
DOI  :  10.1186/s40201-014-0151-1

 received in 2014-01-07, accepted in 2014-12-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Isolated Enterococcus faecalis YZ 66 strain shows ability to decolorize various industrial dyes among which, it showed complete decolorization and degradation of toxic, sulfonated recalcitrant diazo dye Direct Red 81 (50 mg/L) within 1.5 h of incubation under static anoxic condition. The optimum pH and temperature for decolorization was 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. Significant induction in the activity of intracellular oxidoreductive enzymes suggested its involvement in the decolorization of Direct Red 81. The biodegradation of Direct Red 81 was monitored by UV-Visible, FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC. The final products were characterized by GC-MS and possible pathway of the degradation of the dye was proposed. The phytotoxicity assay (with respect to plants Sorghum vulgare and Phaseolus mungo) revealed that the degradation of Direct Red 81 produced nontoxic metabolites. Finally E. faecalis was employed to decolorize actual industrial effluent showing decolorization (in terms of ADMI value) with moderate COD and BOD reduction. Moreover the result increases the applicability of the strain for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing dye pollutants.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Sahasrabudhe et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Mohana S, Desai C, Madamwar D: Biodegradation and decolorization of anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by a novel bacterial consortium. Bioresour Technol 2007, 98:333-339.
• [2]Jirasripongpun K, Rujikan N, Jongjira N, Boonsiri C: Decolorization and degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 195 by Enterobacter sp. Thammasat Int J Sci Technol 2007, 12:6-11.
• [3]Keharia H, Patel H, Madamwar D: Decolorization screening of synthetic dyes by anaerobic, methanogenic sludge using batch decolourization assay. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2004, 20:365-370.
• [4]Kodam KM, Soojhawon I, Lokhande PD, Gawai KR: Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes under aerobic conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005, 21:367-370.
• [5]Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP: Ecofriendly degradation of sulphonated diazo dye Reactive Green 19A using Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM 2168. Bioresour Technol 2009, 100:3897-3905.
• [6]Saratale RG, Sartale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP: Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. J Taiwanese Inst Chem Eng 2011, 42:138-157.
• [7]Gottlieb A, Shaw C, Smith A, Wheatley A, Forsythe S: The toxicity of textile reactive azo dyes after hydrolysis and decolourisation. J Biotechnol 2003, 101:49-56.
• [8]Parshetti GK, Saratale GD, Telke A, Govindwar SP: Biodegradation of hazardous triphnylmethane dye methyl violet by Rhizobium radiobacter MTCC 8161. J Basic Microbiol 2009, 49:179-196.
• [9]Fu V, Viraraghavan T: Fungal decolorization of dye wastewater -A review. Bioresour Technol 2001, 79:251-262.
• [10]Manu B, Chaudhari S: Anaerobic decolorization of simulated textile wastewater containing azo dyes. Bioresour Technol 2002, 82:225-231.
• [11]Chang JS, Chou C, Lin Y, Ho J, Hu TL: Kinetic characteristics of bacterial azo-dye decolorization by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Res 2001, 35:2841-2850.
• [12]Pearce CI, Lloyed JR, Guthrie JT: The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes Pigments 2003, 58:41-45.
• [13]Saratale RG, Purankar M, Gandhi S, Kurade M, Oh SE, Govindwar SP, Saratale GD: Decolorization and degradation of C.I. Remazol Red and textile effluent by isolated Lysinbacillus fusiformis strain IGI. J Biosci Bioeng 2013, 115:658-667.
• [14]Singh BK, Walker A, Morgan JAW, Wright DJ: Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter Strain B-14 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004, 70:4855-4863.
• [15]Jain RM, Mody KH, Keshri J, Jha B: Biological neutralization of chlor-alkali industry wastewater. Mar Pollut Bull 2011, 62:2377-2383.
• [16]Pingitore EV, Todorov SD, Sesma F, Bernadette DGMF: Application of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus mundtii CRL35 and Enterococcus faecium ST88Ch in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh Minas cheese. Food Microbiol 2012, 32:38-47.
• [17]Giek FC, Noor AAR, Lee SC, Norzarini A, Rozita N, Mohamed R, Mohamad I: Communal microaerophilic–aerobic biodegradation of Amaranth by novel NAR-2 bacterial consortium. Bioresour Technol 2012, 105:48-59.
• [18]Chen H, Wang RF, Cerniglia CE: Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis. Protein Expr Purif 2004, 34:302-310.
• [19]Zimmermann T, Kulla H, Leisinger T: Properties of purified Orange II azoreductase, the enzyme initiating azo dye degradation by Pseudomonas KF46. Eur J Biochem 1982, 129:197-203.
• [20]Lourenco ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM: Reactive textile dye colour removal in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Sci Technol 2000, 42:321-328.
• [21]Mate MS, Pathade G: Biodegradation of C.I. reactive Red 195 by Enterococcus faecalis strain YZ 66. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012, 28:815-826.
• [22]Peppler HJ, Perlmani D: Microbial Technology. 2nd edition. Academic, London; 1979.
• [23]Mathew S, Madamwar D: Decolorization of Ranocid fast Blue dye by bacterial consortium SV 5. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2004, 118:371-381.
• [24]APHA, WEF, AWWA: Standard Method for the examination of water and Wastewater, 18th Edition. Washington, DC, USA: 1992
• [25]Moutaouakkil A, Zeroual Y, Dzayri FZ, Talbi M, Lee K, Blaghen M: Bacterial degradation of azo dye Methyl red by Entrobacter agglomerans. Ann Microbiol 2003, 53:161-169.
• [26]Elisangela F, Andrea Z, Dias GF, Cristiano R, Durrant R, Artur CP: Biodegradation of textile azo dye by a facultative Staphylococcus arlettae VN-11 using a sequential microaerophilic/aerobic process. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2009, 63:280-288.
• [27]Junnarkar N, Murty DS, Bhatt N, Madamwar D: Decolorization of diazo dye Direct Red 81 by a novel bacterial consortium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006, 22:163-168.
• [28]Rajee O, Patterson J: Decolorization of azo dye (Orange MR) by an autochthonous bacterium Micrococcus sp. DBS 2. Indian J Microbiol 2011, 51:159-163.
• [29]Jadhav SU, Kalyani DC, Telke AA, Phugare SS, Govindwar SP: Evaluation of the efficiency of a bacterial consortium for the removal of colour, reduction of heavy metal, and toxicity from textile dye effluent. Bioresour Technol 2010, 101:165-173.
• [30]Jadhav SB, Phugare SS, Patil PS, Jadhav JP: Biochemical degradation pathway of textile dye Remazol Red and subsequent toxicological evaluation by cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress studies. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2011, 65:733-743.
• [31]Bhatt N, Patel KC, Keharia H, Madamwar D: Decolorization of diazo dye Reactive blue 172 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBAR 12. J Basic Microbiol 2005, 45:407-418.
• [32]Anjaneya O, Souche SY, Santoshkumar M, Karegoudar TB: Decolorization of sulfonated azo dye Metanil Yellow by newly isolated bacterial strains: Bacillus sp. strain AK1 and Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2. J Hazard Mater 2011, 190:351-358.
• [33]Ayed L, Mahdhi A, Cheref A, Bakhrouf A: Decolorization and degradation of azo dye Methyl Red by an isolated Sphingomonas paucimobilis: biotoxicity and metabolites characterization. Desalination 2011, 274:272-277.
• [34]Tony BD, Goyal D, Khanna S: Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 2009, 63:462-469.
• [35]Khelifi E, Ayed L, Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Hamdi M: Effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on Indigo and Congo red decolorization by Aspergillus alliaceus strain 121C. J Hazard Mater 2009, 163:1056-1062.
• [36]Saratale G, Kalme S, Bhosale S, Govindwar S: Biodegradation of kerosene by Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146. J Basic Microbiol 2007, 47:400-405.
• [37]Pandey A, Singh P, Iyengar L: Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2007, 59:73-84.
• [38]Jang MS, Jung BG, Sung NC, Lee YC: Decolorization of textile plant effluent by Citrobacter sp. strain KCTC 18061P. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2007, 53:339-343.