The DSM-5 diagnosis of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: a review of the empirical literature

Chinese Medicine

Maria Zetterqvist¹ 

[1] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 85, Sweden

关键词: Review;    DSM-5;    Adolescents;    Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder;   

Others  :  1231880
DOI  :  10.1186/s13034-015-0062-7

 received in 2015-03-23, accepted in 2015-06-24,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

With the presentation of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSID) criteria in the fifth version of the Statistical and Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), empirical studies have emerged where the criteria have been operationalized on samples of children, adolescents and young adults. Since NSSID is a condition in need of further study, empirical data are crucial at this stage in order to gather information on the suggested criteria concerning prevalence rates, characteristics, clinical correlates and potential independence of the disorder. A review was conducted based on published peer-reviewed empirical studies of the DSM-5 NSSID criteria up to May 16, 2015. When the DSM-5 criteria were operationalized on both clinical and community samples, a sample of individuals was identified that had more general psychopathology and impairment than clinical controls as well as those with NSSI not meeting criteria for NSSID. Across all studies interpersonal difficulties or negative state preceding NSSI was highly endorsed by participants, while the distress or impairment criterion tended to have a lower endorsement. Results showed preliminary support for a distinct and independent NSSID diagnosis, but additional empirical data are needed with direct and structured assessment of the final DSM-5 criteria in order to reliably assess and validate a potential diagnosis of NSSID.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Zetterqvist.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]International Society for the Study of Self-Injury (2007) Definition of non-suicidal self-injury. http://www.itriples.org/isss-aboutself-i.html. Accessed 28 May 2014
• [2]Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L, Havertape L, Plener PL. International prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012.
• [3]Swannell SV, Martin GE, Page A, Hasking P, St John MJ. Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014; 44:273-303.
• [4]DiClemente RJ, Ponton LE, Hartley D. Prevalence and correlates of cutting behavior: risk for HIV transmission. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1991; 30:735-739.
• [5]Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC; 1994.
• [6]Favazza AR, Rosenthal RJ. Varieties of pathological self-mutilation. Behav Neurol. 1990; 3:77-85.
• [7]Favazza AR, Rosenthal RJ. Diagnostic issues in self-mutilation. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1993; 44:134-140.
• [8]Herpertz S. Self-injurious behaviors. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995; 91:57-68.
• [9]Kahan J, Pattison EM. Proposal for a distinctive diagnosis: the deliberate self-harm syndrome (DSH). Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1984; 14:17-35.
• [10]Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-injurious behavior as a separate clinical syndrome. Am J Orthopsychiatr. 2005; 75:324-333.
• [11]Pattison EM, Kahan J. The deliberate self-harm syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1983; 140:867-872.
• [12]Shaffer D, Jacobson C (2009) Proposal to the DSM-V childhood disorder and mood disorder work groups to include non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a DSM-V disorder. American Psychiatric Association. http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx. Accessed 1 Dec 2009
• [13]Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC; 2013.
• [14]Manca M, Presaghi F, Cerutti R. Clinical specificity of acute versus chronic self-injury: measurement and evaluation of repetitive non-suicidal self-injury. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 215:111-119.
• [15]American Psychiatric Association (2012) Suggested criteria for DSM-5 non-suicidal self-injury disorder. http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx. Accessed 1 May 2012
• [16]Andover MS, Pepper CM, Ryabchenko KA, Orrico EG, Gibb BE. Self-mutilation and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2005; 35:581-591.
• [17]Glenn CR, Klonsky ED. Social context during non-suicidal self-injury indicates suicide risk. Personal Individ Differ. 2009; 46:25-29.
• [18]Jacobson CM, Muehlenkamp JJ, Miller AL, Turner JB. Psychiatric impairment among adolescents engaging in different types of deliberate self-harm. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008; 37:363-375.
• [19]Klonsky ED, Oltmanns TF, Turkheimer E. Deliberate self-harm in a nonclinical population: prevalence and psychological correlates. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160:1501-1508.
• [20]Nock MK, Joiner TE, Gordon KH, Lloyd-Richardson E, Prinstein MJ. Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Res. 2006; 144:65-72.
• [21]Favazza AR, Conterio K. Female habitual self-mutilators. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1989; 79:283-289.
• [22]Wilkinson P. Non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013; 22 Suppl 1:75-79.
• [23]Glenn CR, Klonsky ED. Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: an empirical investigation in adolescent psychiatric patients. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2013; 42:496-507.
• [24]Nock MK, Kessler RC. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: analysis of the national comorbidity survey. J Abnorm Psychol. 2006; 115:616-623.
• [25]Klonsky ED, May AM, Glenn CR. The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide: converging evidence from four samples. J Abnorm Psychol. 2013; 122:231-237.
• [26]Klonsky ED, Muehlenkamp JJ. Self-injury: a research review for the practitioner. J Clin Psychol. 2007; 63:1045-1056.
• [27]Asarnow JR, Porta G, Spirito A, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD et al.. Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: findings from the TORDIA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011; 50:772-781.
• [28]Wilkinson P, Kelvin R, Roberts C, Dubicka B, Goodyer I. Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the adolescent depression antidepressants and psychotherapy trial (ADAPT). Am J Psychiatry. 2011; 168:495-501.
• [29]Guan K, Fox KR, Prinstein MJ. Nonsuicidal self-injury as a time-invariant predictor of adolescent suicide ideation and attempts in a diverse community sample. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012; 80:842-849.
• [30]Selby EA, Kranzler A, Fehling KB, Panza E. Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: the path to diagnostic validity and final obstacles. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015; 38:79-91.
• [31]Walsh BW. Treating self-injury: a practical guide. Guilford Press, New York; 2006.
• [32]Plener PL, Kapusta ND, Brunner R, Kaess M. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior disorder in the DSM-5. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychoter. 2014; 42:405-413.
• [33]Wilkinson P, Goodyer I. Non-suicidal self-injury. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011; 20:103-108.
• [34]Butler AM, Malone K. Attempted suicide v. non-suicidal self-injury: behaviour, syndrome or diagnosis? Br J Psychiatry. 2013; 202:324-325.
• [35]Plener PL, Fegert JM. Non-suicidal self-injury: State of the art perspective of a proposed new syndrome for DSM V. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012.
• [36]Crowe M. From expression to symptom to disorder: the psychiatric evolution of self-harm in the DSM. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2014; 21:857-858.
• [37]De Leo D. DSM-V and the future of suicidology. Crisis. 2011; 32:233-239.
• [38]Kapur N, Cooper J, O’Connor RC, Hawton K. Non-suicidal self-injury v. attempted suicide: new diagnosis or false dichotomy? Br J Psychiatry. 2013; 202:326-328.
• [39]Plener PL, Kapusta ND, Kölch MG, Kaess M, Brunner R. Non-suicidal self-injury as autonomous diagnosis—implications for research and clinic of the DSM-5 proposal to establish the diagnosis of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychoter. 2012; 40:113-120.
• [40]Regier DA, Narrow WE, Clarke DE, Kraemer HC, Kuramoto SJ, Kuhl EA et al.. DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part II: test–retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry. 2013; 170:59-70.
• [41]Clarke DE, Narrow WE, Regier DA, Kuramoto SJ, Kupfer DJ, Kuhl EA et al.. DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part I: study design, sampling strategy, implementation, and analytic approaches. Am J Psychiatry. 2013; 170:43-58.
• [42]Lengel GJ, Mullins-Sweatt SN. Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: clinician and expert ratings. Psychiatry Res. 2013; 210:940-944.
• [43]Ward A, Bender TW, Gordon KH, Nock MK, Joiner TE, Selby EA. Post-therapy functional impairment as a treatment outcome measure in non-suicidal self-injury disorder using archival data. Pers Ment Health. 2013; 7:69-79.
• [44]Zetterqvist M, Lundh L-G, Svedin CG. Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: support for a specific distress–function relationship. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2014.
• [45]Selby EA, Bender TW, Gordon KH, Nock MK, Joiner TE. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder: a preliminary study. Pers Disord. 2012; 3:167-175.
• [46]Zetterqvist M, Lundh L-G, Dahlström Ö, Svedin CG. Prevalence and function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of adolescents, using suggested DSM-5 criteria for a potential NSSI disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013; 41:759-773.
• [47]Albores-Gallo L, Méndez-Santos JL, Xóchitl-Garcia Luna A, Delgadillo-González Y, Chávez-Flores CI, Martínez OL. Nonsuicidal self-injury in a community sample of older children and adolescents of Mexico city. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2014; 42:159-68.
• [48]Barrocas AL, Hankin BL, Young JF, Abela JRZ. Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth: age, sex, and behavioral methods in a community sample. Pediatrics. 2012; 130:39-45.
• [49]Fischer G, Ameis N, Parzer P, Plener PL, Groschwitz R, Vonderlin E et al.. The German version of the self-injurious thoughts and behaviors interview (SITBI-G): a tool to assess non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14:265. BioMed Central Full Text
• [50]In-Albon T, Ruf C, Schmid M. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the DSM-5 of nonsuicidal self-injury in female adolescents: diagnostic and clinical correlates. Psychiatry J. 2013.
• [51]Odelius CB, Ramklint M. Clinical utility of proposed non-suicidal self-injury diagnosis—a pilot study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2014; 68:66-71.
• [52]Washburn JJ, Potthoff LM, Juzwin KR, Styer DM. Assessing DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in a clinical sample. Psychol Assess. 2014.
• [53]Gratz KL, Dixon-Gordon KL, Chapman AL, Tull MT. Diagnosis and characterization of DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder using the clinician-administered nonsuicidal self-injury disorder index. Assessment. 2015.
• [54]Bracken-Minor KL, McDevitt-Murphy ME. Differences in features of non-suicidal self-injury according to borderline personality disorder screening status. Arch Suicide Res. 2014; 18:88-103.
• [55]Andover MS. Non-suicidal self-injury disorder in a community sample of adults. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 219:305-310.
• [56]Nock MK, Holmberg EB, Photos VI, Michel BD. Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors interview: development, reliability, and validity in an adolescent sample. Psychol Assess. 2007; 19:309-317.
• [57]Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1970; 126:983-987.
• [58]Bjärehed J, Wångby-Lundh M, Lundh L-G. Nonsuicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents: subgroups, stability, and associations with psychological difficulties. J Res Adolesc. 2012; 22:678-693.
• [59]Lloyd-Richardson EE, Perrine N, Dierker L, Kelley ML. Characteristics and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in a community sample of adolescents. Psychol Med. 2007; 37:1183-1192.
• [60]Klonsky ED. The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007; 27:226-239.
• [61]Dahlström Ö, Zetterqvist M, Lundh L-G, Svedin CG. Functions of nonsuicidal self-injury: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a large community sample of adolescents. Psychol Assess. 2015; 27:302-313.
• [62]Selby EA, Nock MK, Kranzler A. How does self-injury feel? Examining automatic positive reinforcement in adolescent self-injurers with experience sampling. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 215:417-423.
• [63]Klonsky ED. The functions of self-injury in young adults who cut themselves: clarifying the evidence for affect-regulation. Psychiatry Res. 2009; 166:260-268.