The additional facet of immunoscore: immunoprofiling as a possible predictive tool for cancer treatment

Journal of Translational Medicine

Bernard A Fox³  Jérôme Galon²  Gennaro Ciliberto¹  Francesco M Marincola⁴  Alessandro Lugli⁵  Gerardo Botti¹  Carlo B Bifulco⁶  Walter J Urba⁶  Mariaelena Capone¹  Paolo A Ascierto¹ 

[1] Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Napoli, Italy;Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France;Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA;Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar;Clinical Pathology Division and Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan, St. Portland, OR, USA

关键词: Ipilimumab;    Immunotherapy;    Immunoprofiling;    Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes;    Tumor microenvironment;   

Others  :  827997
DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5876-11-54

 received in 2013-02-28, accepted in 2013-02-28,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Recent investigations of the tumor microenvironment have shown that many tumors are infiltrated by inflammatory and lymphocytic cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the number, type and location of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary tumors has prognostic value, and this has led to the development of an ‘immunoscore. As well as providing useful prognostic information, the immunoscore concept also has the potential to help predict response to treatment, thereby improving decision- making with regard to choice of therapy. This predictive aspect of the tumor microenvironment forms the basis for the concept of immunoprofiling, which can be described as ‘using an individual’s immune system signature (or profile) to predict that patient’s response to therapy’ The immunoprofile of an individual can be genetically determined or tumor-induced (and therefore dynamic). Ipilimumab is the first in a series of immunomodulating antibodies and has been shown to be associated with improved overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma. Other immunotherapies in development include anti-programmed death 1 protein (nivolumab), anti-PD-ligand 1, anti-CD137 (urelumab), and anti-OX40. Biomarkers that can be used as predictive factors for these treatments have not yet been clinically validated. However, there is already evidence that the tumor microenvironment can have a predictive role, with clinical activity of ipilimumab related to high baseline expression of the immune-related genes FoxP3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These biomarkers could represent the first potential proposal for an immunoprofiling panel in patients for whom anti-CTLA-4 therapy is being considered, although prospective data are required. In conclusion, the evaluation of systemic and local immunological biomarkers could offer useful prognostic information and facilitate clinical decision making. The challenge will be to identify the individual immunoprofile of each patient and the consequent choice of optimal therapy or combination of therapies to be used.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ascierto et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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