Engineered metal based nanoparticles and innate immunity

Clinical and Molecular Allergy

Mario Di Gioacchino⁴  Roberto Paganelli⁴  Takemi Otsuki⁷  Qiao Niu¹  Sara Cortese⁴  Ivo Iavicoli⁵  Giovanni Bernardini³  Enrico Sabbioni⁶  Paola Pedata²  Valentina Amato⁶  Emanuela Clemente⁴  Claudia Petrarca⁶ 

[1] School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China;Occupational Medicine, II University, Naples, Italy;‘Protein Factory’, Interuniversity Center of the Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Milan, Italy;Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy;Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;Immunotoxicology and Allergy Unit, Ageing Research Center G. d’Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy;Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 7010192, Okayama, Japan

关键词: Cytokines;    Adjuvant;    Barriers;    Immunostimulation;    Cell receptors;    Immunotoxicity;   

Others  :  1220052
DOI  :  10.1186/s12948-015-0020-1

 received in 2015-02-09, accepted in 2015-04-29,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Almost all people in developed countries are exposed to metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) that are used in a large number of applications including medical (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes). Once inside the body, absorbed by inhalation, contact, ingestion and injection, MeNPs can translocate to tissues and, as any foreign substance, are likely to encounter the innate immunity system that represent a non-specific first line of defense against potential threats to the host. In this review, we will discuss the possible effects of MeNPs on various components of the innate immunity (both specific cells and barriers). Most important is that there are no reports of immune diseases induced by MeNPs exposure: we are operating in a safe area. However, in vitro assays show that MeNPs have some effects on innate immunity, the main being toxicity (both cyto- and genotoxicity) and interference with the activity of various cells through modification of membrane receptors, gene expression and cytokine production. Such effects can have both negative and positive relevant impacts on humans. On the one hand, people exposed to high levels of MeNPs, as workers of industries producing or applying MeNPs, should be monitored for possible health effects. On the other hand, understanding the modality of the effects on immune responses is essential to develop medical applications for MeNPs. Indeed, those MeNPs that are able to stimulate immune cells could be used to develop of new vaccines, promote immunity against tumors and suppress autoimmunity.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Petrarca et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

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