Patient reports of the outcomes of treatment: a structured review of approaches

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Ray Fitzpatrick¹  Elizabeth Gibbons¹  Monica Hadi¹  Crispin Jenkinson¹  Helen Lloyd¹ 

[1] Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK

关键词: Quality of care;    Transition items;    Review;    Treatment satisfaction;    Hospital care;    Hospital;    Patient evaluation;   

Others  :  821837
DOI  :  10.1186/1477-7525-12-5

 received in 2013-01-09, accepted in 2013-12-12,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Patient reports or ratings are essential for measuring the quality of patient care. Measures designed for this purpose tend to focus on the processes and structures of care rather than the outcomes of it. The latter is arguably the most valid indicator of the quality of care patients receive. Typically this information is gathered by probing patient satisfaction with treatment as part of an investigation of satisfaction with hospital care. More recently patient ratings of the outcome of treatment have been obtained to measure treatment efficacy in clinical trials. However, a more direct approach is to ask patients to assess the benefit of treatment on their current health status. We performed a structured literature review on patient reported satisfaction with outcomes of treatment and direct patient assessments of the same. The purpose of this was to identify suitable candidate questions for a short instrument to tap patient evaluations of in-patient hospital interventions. Articles were included if they dealt with patient satisfaction or patient assessment of the outcomes of treatment. Articles were excluded if they dealt more generally with patient satisfaction with care. We identified 169 papers, 79 were included in the review. The findings of this review suggest that there are a number of benefits of directly asking patients to assess the outcome of hospital treatment. Importantly this approach reflects outcomes relevant to the patient and is also more likely to reflect patient report in routine clinical practice. There is also evidence that such approaches have face validity and construct validity. The problems associated with this approach (i.e. response bias), are those common to patient reported outcome surveys, but employing appropriate strategies can minimize them. Furthermore, employing a simple set of questions that asks patients to assess the outcomes of treatment they receive can be time and resource efficient in comparison to administering lengthy measures. This approach could be tested for potential generic use as an evaluative measure for patients in hospital settings.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Lloyd et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Donabedian A: The quality of care. How can it be assessed? JAMA 1988, 260(12):1743-1748.
• [2]Cleary PD, McNeil BJ: Patient satisfaction as an indicator of quality care. Inquiry 1988, 25(1):25-36.
• [3]Weaver M, et al.: Issues in the measurement of satisfaction with treatment. Am J Manag Care 1997, 3(4):579-594.
• [4]Ruta DA, et al.: A new approach to the measurement of quality of life. The patient-generated index. Med Care 1994, 32(11):1109-1126.
• [5]Bradley C, Lewis KS: Measures of psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction developed from the responses of people with tablet-treated diabetes. Diabet Med 1990, 7(5):445-451.
• [6]Bradley C, et al.: The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change version (DTSQc) evaluated in insulin glargine trials shows greater responsiveness to improvements than the original DTSQ. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007, 5:57. BioMed Central Full Text
• [7]Dawson J, et al.: Comparative responsiveness and minimal change for the Oxford Elbow Score following surgery. Qual Life Res 2008, 17(10):1257-1267.
• [8]Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A: Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about shoulder surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996, 78(4):593-600.
• [9]Dawson J, et al.: Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996, 78(2):185-190.
• [10]Dawson J, et al.: Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998, 80(1):63-69.
• [11]Pascoe GC, Attkisson CC: The evaluation ranking scale: a new methodology for assessing satisfaction. Eval Program Plann 1983, 6(3–4):335-347.
• [12]Rubin HR, et al.: Patient Judgements of Hospital Quality (PJHQ) Questionnaire. Med.Care 1990, 28(4):S17-S27. No.9 Supplement: Patient Judgements of Hospital Quality: Report of a Pilot Study
• [13]Guy W: ECDEC assessment manual for psychopharmacology (DHEW Publication No. ADM 76–338). Washington DC: U.S. Goverment Printing Office; 1976.
• [14]Farrar JT, et al.: Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain 2001, 94(2):149-158.
• [15]Cella D, Hahn EA, Dineen K: Meaningful change in cancer-specific quality of life scores: differences between improvement and worsening. Qual Life Res 2002, 11(3):207-221.
• [16]Dworkin RH, et al.: Interpreting the clinical importance of group differences in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 2009, 146(3):238-244.
• [17]Dworkin RH, et al.: Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2003, 60(8):1274-1283.
• [18]Wernicke JF, et al.: A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology 2006, 67(8):1411-1420.
• [19]Dworkin RH, et al.: Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain 2005, 113(1–2):9-19.
• [20]Jette AM: The Functional Status Index: reliability and validity of a self-report functional disability measure. J Rheumatol Suppl 1987, 14(Suppl 15):15-21.
• [21]Gilson BS, et al.: Sickness Impact Profile - Development of an Outcome Measure of Health-Care. Am J Public Health 1975, 65(12):1304-1310.
• [22]MacKenzie CR, et al.: A patient-specific measure of change in maximal function. Arch Intern Med 1986, 146(7):1325-1329.
• [23]Ware JE, Sherbourne CD: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992, 30(6):473-483.
• [24]Liang M, Schurman DJ, Fries J: Patient-administered questionnaire for arthritis assessment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1978, 131:123-129.
• [25]Meenan RF, et al.: Costs of rheumatoid-arthritis - patient-oriented study of chronic disease costs. Arthritis Rheum 1978, 21(7):827-833.
• [26]Husted JA, et al.: Methods for assessing responsiveness: a critical review and recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol 2000, 53(5):459-468.
• [27]Perneger TV, Etter JF, Rougemont A: Prospective versus retrospective measurement of change in health status: a community based study in Geneva, Switzerland. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997, 51(3):320-325.
• [28]Knox SA, King MT: Validation and calibration of the SF-36 health transition question against an external criterion of clinical change in health status. Qual Life Res 2009, 18(5):637-645.
• [29]Locker D, Dunt D: Theoretical and methodological issues in sociological studies of consumer satisfaction with medical care. Soc Sci Med 1978, 12(4A):283-292.
• [30]Lewis KS, et al.: A measure of treatment satisfaction designed specifically for people with insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabet Med 1988, 5(3):235-242.
• [31]Dawson J, et al.: The development and validation of a patient-reported questionnaire to assess outcomes of elbow surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008, 90(4):466-473.
• [32]Barendse SM, Speight J, Bradley C: The Renal Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (RTSQ): a measure of satisfaction with treatment for chronic kidney failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 45(3):572-579.
• [33]Martin ML, et al.: Development of the asthma treatment satisfaction measure. Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25(10):2495-2506.
• [34]Kelley ML, et al.: Development of a modified treatment evaluation inventory. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1989, 11(3):235-247.
• [35]Blenkiron P, Hammill CA: What determines patients' satisfaction with their mental health care and quality of life? Postgrad Med J 2003, 79(932):337-340.
• [36]Fischer D, et al.: Capturing the patient's view of change as a clinical outcome measure. JAMA 1999, 282(12):1157-1162.
• [37]Jaeschke R, Singer J, Guyatt GH: Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials 1989, 10(4):407-415.
• [38]Barber BL, Santanello NC, Epstein RS: Impact of the global on patient perceivable change in an asthma specific QOL questionnaire. Qual Life Res 1996, 5(1):117-122.
• [39]Osoba D, et al.: Interpreting the significance of changes in health-related quality-of-life scores. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16(1):139-144.
• [40]Middel B, et al.: Recall bias did not affect perceived magnitude of change in health-related functional status. J Clin Epidemiol 2006, 59(5):503-511.
• [41]Tugwell P, et al.: The MACTAR Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire–an individualized functional priority approach for assessing improvement in physical disability in clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1987, 14(3):446-451.
• [42]Ziebland S, et al.: Comparison of two approaches to measuring change in health status in rheumatoid arthritis: the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and modified HAQ. Ann Rheum Dis 1992, 51(11):1202-1205.
• [43]Middel B, et al.: How to validate clinically important change in health-related functional status. Is the magnitude of the effect size consistently related to magnitude of change as indicated by a global question rating? J Eval Clin Pract 2001, 7(4):399-410.
• [44]Guyatt GH, et al.: A critical look at transition ratings. J Clin Epidemiol 2002, 55(9):900-908.
• [45]Norman GR, Stratford P, Regehr G: Methodological problems in the retrospective computation of responsiveness to change: the lesson of Cronbach. J Clin Epidemiol 1997, 50(8):869-879.
• [46]Bindman AB, Keane D, Lurie N: Measuring health changes among severely ill patients. The floor phenomenon. Med Care 1990, 28(12):1142-1152.
• [47]Deyo RA, Diehl AK: Patient satisfaction with medical care for low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1986, 11(1):28-30.
• [48]Fitzpatrick R, et al.: Importance of sensitivity to change as a criterion for selecting health status measures. Qual Health Care 1992, 1(2):89-93.
• [49]Fitzpatrick R, et al.: Transition questions to assess outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1993, 32(9):807-811.
• [50]MacKenzie CR, et al.: Can the Sickness Impact Profile measure change? An example of scale assessment. J Chronic Dis 1986, 39(6):429-438.
• [51]Paterson C: Measuring outcomes in primary care: a patient generated measure, MYMOP, compared with the SF-36 health survey. BMJ 1996, 312(7037):1016-1020.
• [52]Dawson J, et al.: Factors associated with satisfaction in patients undergoing elbow surgery: a prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010, 19(5):635-644.
• [53]Feinstein A, Wells C: A new clincial taxonomy for rating change in functional activities of patietns with angina. Am Heart J 1977, 93:172-182.
• [54]Deyo RA, Inui TS: Toward clinical applications of health status measures: sensitivity of scales to clinically important changes. Health Serv Res 1984, 19(3):275-289.
• [55]Garratt AM, et al.: The SF36 health survey questionnaire: an outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS? BMJ 1993, 306(6890):1440-1444.
• [56]Jenkinson C, et al.: Measuring the experiences of health care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD): development of the Picker MSD questionnaire. Scand J Caring Sci 2002, 16(3):329-333.
• [57]Wright JG, Rudicel S, Feinstein AR: Ask patients what they want. Evaluation of individual complaints before total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994, 2:229-234.
• [58]Howorka K, et al.: Dealing with ceiling baseline treatment satisfaction level in patients with diabetes under flexible, functional insulin treatment: assessment of improvements in treatment satisfaction with a new insulin analogue. Qual Life Res 2000, 9(8):915-930.
• [59]Fitzpatrick R, Dawson J: Health-related quality of life and the assessment of outcomes of total hip replacement surgery. Psychol Health 1997, 12(6):793-803.
• [60]Fitzpatrick RM, et al.: Problems in the assessment of outcome in a back pain clinic. Int Disabil Stud 1987, 9(4):161-165.
• [61]Tugwell P, et al.: Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Impact on quality of life assessed by traditional standard-item and individualized patient preference health status questionnaires. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150(1):59-62.
• [62]Collins SL, et al.: Seeking a simple measure of analgesia for mega-trials: is a single global assessment good enough? Pain 2001, 91(1–2):189-194.
• [63]Mancuso CA, Charlson ME: Does recollection error threaten the validity of cross-sectional studies of effectiveness? Med Care 1995, 33(4 Suppl):AS77-AS88.
• [64]Rubin HR: Can patients evaluate the quality of hospital care? Med Care Rev 1990, 47(3):267-326.
• [65]Aseltine RH Jr, et al.: Comparing prospective and retrospective measures of treatment outcomes. Med Care 1995, 33(4 Suppl):AS67-AS76.
• [66]Abramowitz S, Cote AA, Berry E: Analyzing patient satisfaction: a multianalytic approach. QRB Qual Rev Bull 1987, 13(4):122-130.
• [67]Chow A, et al.: Patient-reported outcome measures: the importance of patient satisfaction in surgery. Surgery 2009, 146(3):435-443.
• [68]Wren GR, et al.: Patient opinion polls. Hospitals 1971, 45(4):80.
• [69]Ware JE: How to survey patient satisfaction. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1996, 15(11):892-899.
• [70]Kay A, et al.: Hip arthroplasty: patient satisfaction. Br J Rheumatol 1983, 22(4):243-249.
• [71]Fitzpatrick R, et al.: Evaluating patient-based outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Health Technol Assess 1998, 2(14):1-74. p. i-iv
• [72]Sutherland JD, Fitzpatrick GA: Some approaches to group problems in the British army. Sociometry 1945, 8(3–4):205-217.
• [73]Froberg DG, Kane RL: Methodology for measuring health-state preferences–I: measurement strategies. J Clin Epidemiol 1989, 42(4):345-354.
• [74]Tarlov AR, et al.: The medical outcomes study. An application of methods for monitoring the results of medical care. JAMA 1989, 262(7):925-930.
• [75]Hall JA, Dornan MC: Patient sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of satisfaction with medical care: a meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 1990, 30(7):811-818.
• [76]Carmel S: Satisfaction with hospitalization: a comparative analysis of three types of services. Soc Sci Med 1985, 21(11):1243-1249.
• [77]Meterko M, et al.: Patient judgments of hospital quality: report of a pilot study. Med Care 1990, 28(9):1-56.
• [78]Ware JE, Davies AR, Stewart AC: The measurement and meaning of patient satisfaction. Health Med Care Serv Rev 1978, 1(1):1-15.
• [79]Ware JE: Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Eval Program Plann 1983, 6(3–4):247-263.