Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer

Cancer Cell International

Yuh Baba²  Toyonobu Maeda³  Atsuko Suzuki³  Yojiro Maehata¹  Chihiro Miyamoto¹  Shigeyuki Ozawa⁴  Yasumasa Kato³ 

[1] Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka, Japan;Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan;Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 963-8611, Koriyama, Japan;Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka, Japan

关键词: Malignant phenotype;    Cancer;    Acidic microenvironment;   

Others  :  792931
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2867-13-89

 received in 2013-07-25, accepted in 2013-08-29,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Acidic extracellular pH is a major feature of tumor tissue, extracellular acidification being primarily considered to be due to lactate secretion from anaerobic glycolysis. Clinicopathological evidence shows that transporters and pumps contribute to H⁺ secretion, such as the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, the H⁺-lactate co-transporter, monocarboxylate transporters, and the proton pump (H⁺-ATPase); these may also be associated with tumor metastasis. An acidic extracellular pH not only activates secreted lysosomal enzymes that have an optimal pH in the acidic range, but induces the expression of certain genes of pro-metastatic factors through an intracellular signaling cascade that is different from hypoxia. In addition to lactate, CO₂ from the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative source of acidity, showing that hypoxia and extracellular acidity are, while being independent from each other, deeply associated with the cellular microenvironment. In this article, the importance of an acidic extracellular pH as a microenvironmental factor participating in tumor progression is reviewed.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Kato et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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