Development of intestinal microflora and occurrence of diarrhoea in sucking foals: effects of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation

BMC Veterinary Research

Ingrid Vervuert³  Nada Aldaher²  Wieland Schroedl²  Kathrin Roediger⁴  Jenny John¹ 

[1] Present address: Tierklinik Teisendorf, Teisendorf, Germany;Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;Pferdeklinik Großostheim, Großostheim, Germany

关键词: Bacillus cereus var. toyoi;    Probiotic;    Diarrhoea;    Foal;    Microflora;   

Others  :  1131393
DOI  :  10.1186/s12917-015-0355-3

 received in 2014-07-24, accepted in 2015-02-06,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. Studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium are discussed. But little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. The present study investigated whether the supplementation with Bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foals. From birth, the foals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo (10 mL isotonic NaCl, n = 8), low dosage (LD; 5 × 10⁸ cfu B. cereus var. toyoi, n = 7) and high dosage (HD; 2 × 10⁹ cfu B. cereus var. toyoi, n = 10). Treatment groups were supplemented orally once a day for 58 days. Faeces scoring and sampling were performed within the first 24 h after birth and on day 9, 16, 23, 30, 44, 58 of the foal’s life and also on the first day of diarrhoea. Culture-plate methods were used to analyse the bacterial microflora.

Results

Eighty-eight per cent of the foals developed diarrhoea (placebo 7/8, LD 5/7, HD 10/10) during the first 58 days of life. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation had no effect on bacterial microflora. Clostridium perfringens and enterobacteria were equally prevalent in foals with diarrhoea and those who were not afflicted.

Conclusions

We conclude that the supplementation of B. cereus var. toyoi had no effect on the occurrence of diarrhoea and health status in the foals.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 John et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Masri MD, Merritt AM, Gronwall R, Burrows CF: Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea. Equine Vet J 1986, 18:301-6.
• [2]Kuhl J, Winterhoff N, Wulf M, Schweigert FJ, Schwendenwein I, Bruckmaier RM, et al.: Changes in faecal bacteria and metabolic parameters in foals during the first six weeks of life. Vet Microbiol 2011, 151:321-8.
• [3]Magdesian KG: Neonatal foal diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2005, 21:295-312.
• [4]Knottenbelt DC, Holdstock N, Madigan JE: Diarrhö. In Neonatologie der Pferde. 1st edition. Edited by Knottenbelt DC. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, München, München; 2007:265-88.
• [5]Dunkel B: Infectious foal diarrhoea: pathophysiology, prevalence and diagnosis. Equine Vet Educ 2004, 16(2):94-101.
• [6]Velde K, Kolm G: Entzündlich und funktionell bedingte Störungen des Darms. In Fohlenmedizin. 1st edition. Edited by Fey K, Kolm G. Enke, Stuttgart; 2011:327-37.
• [7]Julliand V, De Vaux A, Villard L, Richard Y: Preliminary studies on the bacterial flora of faeces taken from foals, from birth to twelve weeks: effects of the oral administration of a commercial colostrum replacer. Pferdeheilkunde 1996, 12:209-12.
• [8]Sadet-Bourgeteau S, Julliand V: Equine microbial gastro-intestinal health. In The Impact of Nutrition on the Health and Welfare of Horses. Edited by Ellis AD, Longland AC, Coenen M, Miraglia N. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Cirencester; 2010:161-82.
• [9]FAO, WHO: Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf] webciteHealth and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria 2001. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf
• [10]Yuyama T, Yusa S, Takai S, Tsubaki S, Kado Y, Morotomi M: Evaluation of a host-specific Lactobacillus probiotic in neonatal foals. Int J Appl Res Vet Med 2004, 2:26-33.
• [11]Günther E, Ströbel C, Romanowski K, Urubschurov V, Büsing K, Souffrant W, et al.: Effects of probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on diarrhoea patterns and the faecal microbiome of sucking foals. In Proceedings of the16th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition: 13–15 September 2012; Bydgoszcz. Edited by Szymeczko R, Iben C, Burlikowska K, Sitkowska B. Z o.o, Multiskop Sp; 2012:79.
• [12]Weese JS, Rousseau J: Evaluation of Lactobacillus pentosus WE7 for prevention of diarrhea in neonatal foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005, 226:2031-4.
• [13]Erhard MH, Leuzinger K, Stangassinger M: Untersuchungen zur prophylaktischen Wirkung der Verfütterung eines Probiotikums und von erregerspezifischen Kolostrum- und Dotterantikörpern bei neugeborenen Kälbern. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2000, 84:85-94.
• [14]Jadamus A, Vahjen W, Simon O: Growth behavior of a spore forming probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken and piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2001, 54:1-17.
• [15]Vilà B, Fontgibell A, Badiola I, Esteve-Garcia E, Jiménez G, Castillo M, et al.: Reduction of Salmonella enterica var. enteritidis colonization and invasion by Bacillus cereus var. toyoi inclusion in poultry feeds. Poult Sci 2009, 88:975-9.
• [16]Matusevicius P, Bartkeviciute Z, Cernauskenie J, Kozlowski K, Jeroch H: Effect of probiotic preparation “Toyocerin” and phytogenic preparation “Cuxarom Spicemaster” in growing rabbits. Eur Poult Sci 2011, 75(1):67-71.
• [17]Baum B, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Enß ML, Pohlenz JF, Breves G: Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi influence the morphology and the mucins of the intestine of pigs. Z Gastroenterol 2002, 40:277-84.
• [18]Lahrssen M, Zentek J: Wirksamkeit von probiotischen Mikroorganismen als Futterzusatzstoff: Leitlinien zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit bei den Tierkategorien Hund, Katze und Pferd. Tierarztl Wochenschr 2002, 109(1):22-5.
• [19]Jeroch H, Strobel E, Zachmann R: Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit des Probiotikums Bacillus cereus toyoi in der Putenmast. Vetarinarija Ir Zootechnika 2004, 28(50):57-60.
• [20]Jadamus A, Vahjen W, Schäfer K, Simon O: Influence of the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the development of enterobacterial growth and on selected parameters of bacterial metabolism in digesta samples of piglets. J Anim Physiol Nutr 2002, 86:42-54.
• [21]Julliand V, Goachet AG. Fecal microflora as a marker of cecal or colonic microflora in horses. In: Proceedings of the19th Equine Science Symposium: 31 May- 3 June. Tucson; 2005. p. 140–1.
• [22]Sakaitani Y, Yuki N, Nakajima F, Nakanishi S, Tanaka H, Tanaka R, et al.: Colonization of intestinal microflora in newborn foals. J Intestinal Microbiol 1999, 13:9-14.
• [23]Mackie RI, Sghir A, Gaskins HR: Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 69:1035S-45.
• [24]Egan CE, Snelling TJ, Mc-Ewan NR: The onset of ciliate populations in newborn foals. Acta Protozool 2010, 49:145-7.
• [25]Schroedl W, Jaekel L, Krueger M: C-reactive protein and antibacterial activity in blood plasma of colostrum-fed calves and the effect of lactulose. J Dairy Sci 2003, 8:3313-20.
• [26]Bisping W, Amtsberg G: Colour Atlas for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Pathogens in Animals. Paul Parey, Verlag Berlin; 1988.
• [27]Shehata A, Schrödl W, Neuhaus J, Krüger M: Antagonistic effect of different bacteria on Clostridium botulinum types A, B, D and E in vitro. Vet Rec 2013, 172:47.