Influence of E-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Head & Face Medicine

Brita Willershausen³  Shahram Ghanaati¹  Robert Sader²  Veronika Weyer⁴  Thomas Wolf³  Ines Willershausen³ 

[1] Institute of Pathology, REPAIR-Lab, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;Department for Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany;Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

关键词: Nicotine;    Menthol;    In vitro;    Fibroblasts;    Electronic cigarettes;    Cell proliferation;   

Others  :  1145502
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-160X-10-39

 received in 2014-05-13, accepted in 2014-09-11,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Introduction

Over the last years, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have become more popular, particularly in individuals who want to give up smoking tobacco. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the different e-smoking liquids on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

Method and materials

For this study six test solutions with components from ECs were selected: lime-, hazelnut- and menthol-flavored liquids, nicotine, propylene glycol, and PBS as control group. The fibroblasts were incubated up to 96 h with the different liquids, and cell viability was measured by using the PrestoBlue^® reagent, the ATP detection and the migration assay. Fluorescence staining was carried out to visualize cell growth and morphology. Data were statistically analyzed by two-tailed one-way ANOVA.

Results

The cell viability assay showed that the proliferation rates of the cells incubated with nicotine or the various flavored liquids of the e-cigarettes were reduced in comparison to the controls, though not all reductions were statistically significant. After an incubation of 96 h with the menthol-flavored liquid the fibroblasts were statistically significant reduced (p < 0.001). Similar results were found for the detection of ATP in fibroblasts; the incubation with menthol-flavored liquids (p < 0.001) led to a statistically significant reduction. The cell visualization tests confirmed these findings.

Conclusion

Within its limits, the present in vitro study demonstrated that menthol additives of e-smoking have a harmful effect on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. This might indicate that menthol additives should be avoided for e-cigarettes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Willershausen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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