Perceived neighborhood environmental attributes associated with adults’ transport-related walking and cycling: Findings from the USA, Australia and Belgium

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

James F Sallis⁸  Brian E Saelens¹  Lawrence D Frank⁶  Greet Cardon²  Jacqueline Kerr⁷  Neville Owen⁴  Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij²  Terry L Conway⁷  Ester Cerin³  Delfien Van Dyck⁵ 

[1] Seattle’s Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium;Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium;School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

关键词: Walkability;    NEWS;    Ecological model;    Physical activity;   

Others  :  824820
DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5868-9-70

 received in 2011-09-26, accepted in 2012-04-18,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Active transportation has the potential to contribute considerably to overall physical activity levels in adults and is likely to be influenced by neighborhood-related built environment characteristics. Previous studies that examined the associations between built environment attributes and active transportation, focused mainly on transport-related walking and were conducted within single countries, limiting environmental variability. We investigated the direction and shape of relationships of perceived neighborhood attributes with transport-related cycling and walking in three countries; and examined whether these associations differed by country and gender.

Methods

Data from the USA (Baltimore and Seattle), Australia (Adelaide) and Belgium (Ghent) were pooled. In total, 6,014 adults (20–65 years, 55.7% women) were recruited in high-/low-walkable and high-/low-income neighborhoods. All participants completed the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Generalized additive mixed models were used to estimate the strength and shape of the associations.

Results

Proximity to destinations, good walking and cycling facilities, perceiving difficulties in parking near local shopping areas, and perceived aesthetics were included in a ‘cyclability’ index. This index was linearly positively related to transport-related cycling and no gender- or country-differences were observed. The ‘walkability’ index consisted of perceived residential density, land use mix access, proximity of destinations and aesthetics. A non-linear positive relationship with transport-related walking was found. This association was stronger in women than in men, and country-specific associations were identified: the strongest association was observed in Seattle, the weakest in Adelaide. In Ghent, the association weakened at higher levels of walkability.

Conclusions

For cycling, consistent correlates were found in the three countries, but associations were less straightforward for transport-related walking. Moreover, the identified neighborhood environmental correlates were different for walking compared to cycling. In order to further clarify the shape of these associations and reach more specific international guidelines for developing walkable and bikeable neighborhoods, future studies should include even more countries to maximize environmental variability.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Van Dyck et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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