Motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking: a systematic review

Harm Reduction Journal

Jihad Irani¹  Rawad Obeid³  Christopher N Co⁴  Wai Yim Lam⁶  Mohammed Jawad⁵  Elie A Akl² 

[1] Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon;Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA;Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo ECMC-DKM C216, 462 Grider St, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA;Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK;North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health Systems, Great Neck, NY, USA

关键词: Attitudes;    Beliefs;    Motives;    Addiction;    Waterpipe;    Tobacco;   

Others  :  809877
DOI  :  10.1186/1477-7517-10-12

 received in 2010-11-30, accepted in 2013-06-26,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

In spite of the negative health effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking, its use is becoming more common. The objective of this study is to systematically review the medical literature for motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking.

Methods

We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science in January 2012. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. We selected studies and abstracted data using standard systematic review methodology. We synthesized data qualitatively.

Results

We included 58 papers reporting on 56 studies. The main motives for waterpipe tobacco smoking were socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment. Peer pressure, fashion, and curiosity were additional motives for university and school students while expression of cultural identity was an additional motive for people in the Middle East and for people of Middle Eastern descent in Western countries. Awareness of the potential health hazards of waterpipe smoking was common across settings. Most but not all studies found that the majority of people perceived waterpipe smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. Waterpipe smoking was generally socially acceptable and more acceptable than cigarette smoking in general. In Middle Eastern societies, it was particularly more acceptable for women’s use compared to cigarette use. A majority perceived waterpipe smoking as less addictive than cigarette smoking. While users were confident in their ability to quit waterpipe smoking at any time, willingness to quit varied across settings.

Conclusions

Socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment were the main motives for waterpipe use. While waterpipe users were aware of the health hazards of waterpipe smoking, they perceived it as less harmful, less addictive and more socially acceptable than cigarette smoking and were confident about their ability to quit.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Akl et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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