Income-related health inequalities across regions in Korea

International Journal for Equity in Health

Byung Chul Ahn¹  Eunju Hong² 

[1] School of Economics and Finance, Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-ro Kyungsan-si, Kyungbuk 712-749 Korea;Department of Senior Industry Management, Hanyang Cyber University Haengdang 1 Dong, Seongdong Gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea

关键词: Concentration Index;    Self-Rated Health;    Convergence;    Health Inequality;    Gini Coefficient;    Bootstrapping;   

Others  :  829625
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-9276-10-41

 received in 2011-04-25, accepted in 2011-10-03,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Introduction

In addition to economic inequalities, there has been growing concern over socioeconomic inequalities in health across income levels and/or regions. This study measures income-related health inequalities within and between regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of socioeconomic inequalities in health as regional incomes converge.

Methods

We considered a total of 45,233 subjects (≥ 19 years) drawn from the four waves of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We considered true health as a latent variable following a lognormal distribution. We obtained ill-health scores by matching self-rated health (SRH) to its distribution and used the Gini Coefficient (GC) and an income-related ill-health Concentration Index (CI) to examine inequalities in income and health, respectively.

Results

The GC estimates were 0.3763 and 0.0657 for overall and spatial inequalities, respectively. The overall CI was -0.1309, and the spatial CI was -0.0473. The spatial GC and CI estimates were smaller than their counterparts, indicating substantial inequalities in income (from 0.3199 in Daejeon to 0.4233 Chungnam) and income-related health inequalities (from -0.1596 in Jeju and -0.0844 in Ulsan) within regions.

The results indicate a positive relationship between the GC and the average ill-health and a negative relationship between the CI and the average ill-health. Those regions with a low level of health tended to show an unequal distribution of income and health. In addition, there was a negative relationship between the GC and the CI, that is, the larger the income inequalities, the larger the health inequalities were. The GC was negatively related to the average regional income, indicating that an increase in a region's average income reduced income inequalities in the region. On the other hand, the CI showed a positive relationship, indicating that an increase in a region's average income reduced health inequalities in the region.

Conclusion

The results suggest that reducing health inequalities across regions require a more equitable distribution of income and a higher level of average income and that the higher the region's average income, the smaller its health inequalities are.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Hong and Ahn; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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