Some Strychnos spinosa (Loganiaceae) leaf extracts and fractions have good antimicrobial activities and low cytotoxicities

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff²  Joseph Olusegun Ayo¹  Rabiu AbduSsalam Magaji⁵  Mohammed Aliyu⁵  Jean Paul Dzoyem³  Maurice Ducret Awouafack⁴  Adamu Imam Isa⁵ 

[1] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 81001, Nigeria;Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon;Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon;Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

关键词: Potentizing extracts;    Selectivity index;    Cytotoxicity;    Antioxidant;    Antimicrobial;    Different polarity fractions;    Extracts;   

Others  :  1085312
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-456

 received in 2014-09-03, accepted in 2014-11-21,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Strychnos spinosa Lam. is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. This study is designed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and fractions from leaves of S. spinosa.

Methods

Extracts were obtained by maceration with acetone, methanol and dichloromethane/methanol (1/1) while fractions were prepared by liquid-liquid fractionation of the acetone extract. A broth serial microdilution method with tetrazolium violet as growth indicator was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical-scavenging assays, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay was used to determine cytotoxicity.

Results

Four extracts and five fractions had good to weak antimicrobial activity with MICs ranging from 0.04 to >1.25 mg/ml against both fungi and bacteria. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus. The n-butanol fraction had an MIC of 0.04 mg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans. The hexane and chloroform fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activities were much lower than that of the positive controls. Except for the alkaloid extract, all the extracts and fractions had free-radical-scavenging activity (IC₅₀ ranging from 33.66 to 314.30 μg/ml). The cytotoxicity on Vero cells was reasonable to low with LC₅₀ values ranging between 30.56 and 689.39 μg/ml.

Conclusion

The acetone extract and the chloroform fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. By solvent-solvent fractionation it was possible to increase the activity against A. fumigatus and to decrease the cytotoxicity leading to a potentially useful product to protect animals against aspergillosis. Our results therefore support the use of S. spinosa leaves in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Isa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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