Immunization coverage of 12–23 months old children and associated factors in Jigjiga District, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia

BMC Public Health

Hardeep Rai Sharma⁴  Manay Kifle¹  Walelegn Worku¹  Amsalu Feleke²  Abdi Nur Mohamud³ 

[1] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, PO Box No. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia;Health Service Management and Health Economics Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, PO Box No. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia;Jigjiga Health Science College, Somali National Regional State, Jigjiga, Ethiopia;Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

关键词: Ethiopia;    Children;    Vaccination;    Immunization coverage;   

Others  :  1128251
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-865

 received in 2013-12-09, accepted in 2014-08-18,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Immunization coverage in Ethiopia is less than the herd immunity level desired to prevent the spread of eight target diseases targeted by the World Health Organization’s Expanded Program of Immunization. In particular, the Somali region of the country still has by far the lowest level of immunization coverage. The objective of this study was to measure the immunization coverage of 12–23 months old children and associated factors in the urban and rural areas of Jigjiga district.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 582 households with 12–23 months old children in two urban and four rural wards. The data were collected from mothers or caregivers through interviews based on pre-tested and structured questionnaires and from the review of vaccination cards. Data were processed using SPSS version 16. To identify factors associated with the immunization status of children, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were worked out and the Hoshmer and Lemeshow’s goodness-of-fit was used to assess the fitness of multiple logistic regression model.

Results

Three–fourth (74.6%) of the children surveyed were ever vaccinated, whereas 36.6% were fully vaccinated. The immunization coverage rate from card assessment for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin was 41.8%, while for Oral Polio Vaccine Zero, Oral Polio Vaccine One /Pentavalent1, Oral Polio Vaccine Two /Pentavalent2, Oral Polio Vaccine Three /Pentavalent3, and measles were 10.4%, 41.1%, 33.9%, 27.5%, and 24.9%, respectively. Maternal literacy (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.64, 5.71), Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.56, 3.77), place of delivery (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.28), place of residence (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.33, 3.13), and household visits by health workers (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.17, 3.16), were found to be factors significantly associated with full immunization in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

The overall immunization coverage was found to be low. Hence, to increase the immunization coverage and reduce the incidences of missed opportunity, delivery in the health institution should be promoted, the outreach activities of the health institutions should be strengthened and greater utilization of health services by mothers should be encouraged.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Mohamud et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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