Parallel divergent adaptation along replicated altitudinal gradients in Alpine trout

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Ole Seehausen¹  Etienne Bezault²  Jolanda Schuler¹  Irene Keller³ 

[1] Department of Aquatic Ecology and Macroevolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;Present address: Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202-8199, USA;Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland

关键词: Parallel adaptation;    Environmental gradient;    AFLP;    Genome scan;    Local adaptation;    European trout;   

Others  :  1140109
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-12-210

 received in 2011-12-09, accepted in 2012-10-12,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

The European trout (Salmo trutta species complex) occurs across a very wide altitudinal range from lowland rivers to alpine streams. Historically, the major European river systems contained different, evolutionarily distinct trout lineages, and some of this genetic diversity has persisted in spite of extensive human-mediated translocations. We used AFLP-based genome scans to investigate the extent of potentially adaptive divergence among major drainages and along altitudinal gradients replicated in several rivers.

Results

The proportion of loci showing evidence of divergent selection was larger between drainages than along altitudinal transects within drainages. This suggests divergent selection is stronger between drainages, or adaptive divergence is constrained by gene flow among populations within drainages, although the latter could not be confirmed at a more local scale. Still, altitudinal divergence occurred and, at approximately 2% of the markers, parallel changes of the AFLP band frequencies with altitude were observed suggesting that altitude may well be an important source of divergent selection within rivers.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that adaptive genetic divergence is common both between major European river systems and along altitudinal gradients within drainages. Alpine trout appear to be a promising model system to investigate the relative roles of divergent selection and gene flow in promoting or preventing adaptation to climate gradients.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Keller et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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