Enriched environment and masticatory activity rehabilitation recover spatial memory decline in aged mice

BMC Neuroscience

Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes¹  Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz¹  Edson Marcos Leal Soares Ramos³  Victor Hugh Perry⁴  Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos²  João Bento-Torres¹  Rodrigo Perez da Silva¹  Thaíssa Gomes Borralho¹  Diego de Jesus Silva¹  Ana Carla Fadel¹  André Pinheiro Gurgel Felício¹  Marina Negrão Frota de Almeida¹  Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes¹ 

[1]Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487 – Guamá Belém, Pará, Brasil

[2]Instituto Evandro Chagas/ IEC, Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil

[3]Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Sistema de Informação e Georrefrenciamento, Pará, Brasil

[4]Southampton Neuroscience Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southhampton, UK

关键词: Morris water maze;    Spatial learning;    Masticatory rehabilitation;    Enriched environment;    Mastication;   

Others  :  1140253
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2202-14-63

 received in 2013-05-13, accepted in 2013-06-20,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

To measure the impact of masticatory reduction on learning and memory, previous studies have produced experimental masticatory reduction by modified diet or molar removal. Here we induced spatial learning impairment in mice by reducing masticatory activity and then tested the effect of a combination of environmental enrichment and masticatory rehabilitation in recovering spatial learning at adulthood and in later life. For 6 months (6M) or 18 months (18M), we fed three groups of mice from postnatal day 21 respectively with a hard diet (HD) of pellets; pellets followed by a powdered, soft diet (HD/SD, divided into equal periods); or pellets followed by powder, followed by pellets again (HD/SD/HD, divided into equal periods). To mimic sedentary or active lifestyles, half of the animals from each group were raised from weaning in standard cages (impoverished environment; IE) and the other half in enriched cages (enriched environment; EE). To evaluate spatial learning, we used the Morris water maze.

Results

IE6M-HD/SD mice showed lower learning rates compared with control (IE6M-HD) or masticatory rehabilitated (IE6MHD/SD/HD) animals. Similarly, EE-HD/SD mice independent of age showed lower performance than controls (EE-HD) or rehabilitated mice (EE-HD/SD/HD). However, combined rehabilitation and EE in aged mice improved learning rate up to control levels. Learning rates did not correlate with swim speed.

Conclusions

Reduction in masticatory activity imposed on mice previously fed a hard diet (HD/SD) impaired spatial learning in the Morris water maze. In adults, masticatory rehabilitation recovered spatial abilities in both sedentary and active mice, and rehabilitation of masticatory activity combined with EE recovered these losses in aged mice.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Mendes et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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