Antibiotic resistance in primary care in Austria - a systematic review of scientific and grey literature

BMC Infectious Diseases

Manfred Maier²  Petra Apfalter¹  Gernot Wagner²  Kathryn Hoffmann² 

[1] Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine (IHMT), National Reference Centre for Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Fadinger Str. 1, 4020 Linz, Austria;Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 13a/3rd floor, 1090 Vienna, Austria

关键词: grey literature;    systematic literature review;    Austria;    primary health care;    Antibiotic resistance;   

Others  :  1175519
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-11-330

 received in 2011-05-26, accepted in 2011-11-28,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing challenge for health care services worldwide. While up to 90% of antibiotics are being prescribed in the outpatient sector recommendations for the treatment of community-acquired infections are usually based on resistance findings from hospitalized patients. In context of the EU-project called "APRES - the appropriateness of prescribing antibiotic in primary health care in Europe with respect to antibiotic resistance" it was our aim to gain detailed information about the resistance data from Austria in both the scientific and the grey literature.

Methods

A systematic review was performed including scientific and grey literature published between 2000 and 2010. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and the review process followed published recommendations.

Results

Seventeen scientific articles and 23 grey literature documents could be found. In contrast to the grey literature, the scientific publications describe only a small part of the resistance situation in the primary health care sector in Austria. Merely half of these publications contain data from the ambulatory sector exclusively but these data are older than ten years, are very heterogeneous concerning the observed time period, the number and origin of the isolates and the kind of bacteria analysed. The grey literature yields more comprehensive and up-to-date information of the content of interest. These sources are available in German only and are not easily accessible. The resistance situation described in the grey literature can be summarized as rather stable over the last two years. For Escherichia coli e.g. the highest antibiotic resistance rates can be seen with fluorochiniolones (19%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (27%).

Conclusion

Comprehensive and up-to-date antibiotic resistance data of different pathogens isolated from the community level in Austria are presented. They could be found mainly in the grey literature, only few are published in peer-reviewed journals. The grey literature, therefore, is a very valuable source of relevant information. It could be speculated that the situation of published literature is similar in other countries as well.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Hoffmann et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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