Driving behaviour in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

BMC Psychiatry

Chris Hollis³  Peter Chapman²  David Daley¹  Editha van Loon¹  Madeleine J. Groom¹ 

[1] Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, University Of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;School of Psychology, University Of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, E Floor, South Block, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK

关键词: Inattention;    Hyperactivity-impulsivity;    Road safety;    Cognition;    Driving;    ADHD;   

Others  :  1225009
DOI  :  10.1186/s12888-015-0566-y

 received in 2014-12-23, accepted in 2015-07-15,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Little is known about the impact of cognitive impairments on driving in adults with ADHD. The present study compared the performance of adults with and without ADHD in a driving simulator on two different routes: an urban route which we hypothesised would exacerbate weak impulse control in ADHD and a motorway route, to challenge deficits in sustained attention.

Methods

Adults with (n = 22, 16 males) and without (n = 21, 18 males) ADHD completed a simulated driving session while eye movement data were recorded simultaneously. Participants also completed the Manchester Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Measures of driving performance included average speed, proportion distance travelled over speed limit (speeding) and lane deviation. These variables and the eye movement measures (spread of fixations, mean fixation duration) were compared between groups and routes. Also, driving behaviours, including responses to programmed events, were categorised and the frequencies within categories were compared between groups. Finally, speech analysis was performed to compare emotional verbal expressions during driving between groups.

Results

ADHD participants reported significantly more Violations and Lapses on the DBQ than control participants and significantly more accidents. Average speed and speeding were also higher but did not interact with route type. ADHD participants showed poorer vehicle control, greater levels of frustration with other road users (including greater frequencies of negative comments) and a trend for less safe driving when changing lanes/overtaking on the motorway. These effects were predicted by hyperactive/impulsive CAARS scores. They were also more likely to cause a crash/near miss when an event occurred on the urban route.

Conclusions

The results suggest that difficulty regulating and controlling impulsive behavior, reflected in speeding, frustration with other road users, less safety when changing lanes on the motorway and a greater likelihood of an accident following an unexpected event, underlie impaired driving in ADHD. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms correlated with these indices. Deficits in sustained attention seemed to play a lesser role in this particular study, although further research is needed to determine whether effects on attention emerge over longer periods of time and/or are influenced by the novelty of the simulator environment.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Groom et al.

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