Financial stress in late adulthood and diverse risks of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in women and men

BMC Public Health

Ulf de Faire¹  Mai-Lis Hellenius⁵  Karin Leander⁴  Bruna Gigante⁴  Bengt Starrin³  Axel C Carlsson² 

[1] Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life, Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;Department for Social Studies, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden;Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden

关键词: Cardiovascular disease;    All-cause mortality;    Cohort study;    Financial stress;    Cash margin;   

Others  :  1161366
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-17

 received in 2013-04-22, accepted in 2014-01-05,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Financial stress may have adverse health effects. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether having a cash margin and living alone or cohabiting is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.

Methods

Representative population-based prospective cohort study of 60-year-old women (n = 2065) and men (n = 1939) in Stockholm County, Sweden. National registers were used to identify cases of incident CVD (n = 375) and all-cause mortality (n = 385). The presence of a cash margin was determined in the questionnaire with the following question: Would you, if an unexpected situation occurred, be able to raise 10 000 SEK within a week? (This was equivalent to US$ 1250 in 1998).

Results

Compared with cohabiting women with a cash margin, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher among cohabiting women without a cash margin, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.66). Using cohabiting men with cash margin as referent, single men without a cash margin were at an increased risk of both incident CVD and all-cause mortality: HR 2.84 (95% CI 1.61–4.99) and 2.78 (95% CI 1.69–4.56), respectively. Single men with cash margins still had an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with cohabiting men with a cash margin: HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.22–2.28).

Conclusions

Financial stress may increase the risks of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, especially among men. Furthermore these risks are likely to be greater in men living in single households and in women without cash margins. Living with a partner seems to protect men, but not women, from ill-health associated with financial stress due to the lack of a cash margin.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Carlsson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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