Reported dietary intake in early pregnant compared to non-pregnant women – a cross-sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Herbert Sandström¹  Katarina Hamberg¹  Ulf Högberg²  Johan Hultdin⁴  AnnaLena Wennberg¹  Ingegerd Johansson³  Anette Lundqvist¹ 

[1] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;Department of Odontology, Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

关键词: Cross-sectional;    Nutrition;    Diet;    Pregnancy;   

Others  :  1091987
DOI  :  10.1186/s12884-014-0373-3

 received in 2014-06-16, accepted in 2014-10-15,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

A woman’s nutritional status before conception and during pregnancy is important for maternal health and the health of the foetus. The aim of the study was to compare diet intake in early pregnant women with non-pregnant women.

Methods

Between September 2006 and March 2009, 226 women in early pregnancy were consecutively recruited at five antenatal clinics in Northern Sweden. Referent women (n = 211) were randomly selected from a current health screening project running in the same region (the Västerbotten Intervention Program; VIP). We collected diet data with a self-reported validated food frequency questionnaire with 66 food items/food aggregates, and information on portion size, alcohol consumption, and supplement intake. Data were analysed using descriptive, comparative statistics and multivariate partial least square modelling.

Results

Intake of folate and vitamin D from foods was generally low for both groups. Intake of folate and vitamin D supplements was generally high in the pregnant group and led to significantly higher total estimated intake of vitamin D and folate in the pregnant group. Iron intake from foods tended to be lower in pregnant women although iron supplement intake evened out the difference with respect to iron intake from foods only. Energy intake was slightly lower in pregnant women but not significant, a reflection of that they reported consuming significantly less of potatoes/rice/pasta, meat/fish, and vegetables (grams/day) than the women in the referent group.

Conclusions

In the present study, women in early pregnancy reported less intake of vegetables, potatoes, meat, and alcohol than non-pregnant women. As they also had a low intake (below the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations) of folate, vitamin D, and iron from foods, some of these women and their unborn children are possibly at risk for adverse effects on the pregnancy and birth outcome.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Lundqvist et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Hanson MA: The long-term effects of prenatal development on growth and metabolism. Semin Reprod Med 2011, 29:257-265.
• [2]Watson PE, McDonald BW: The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010, 64:184-193.
• [3][http:/ / www.norden.org/ en/ theme/ nordic-nutrition-recommendation/ nordic-nutrition-recommendations-20 12] webcite Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 []
• [4]Butte NF, King JC: Energy requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Public Health Nutr 2005, 8:1010-1027.
• [5]Cox JT, Phelan ST: Prenatal nutrition: special considerations. Minerva Ginecol 2009, 61:373-400.
• [6]Namgung R, Tsang RC: Bone in the pregnant mother and newborn at birth. Clin Chim Acta 2003, 333:1-11.
• [7][http:/ / www.slv.se/ en-gb/ Group1/ Food-and-Nutrition/ Dietary-surveys1/ Riksmaten--Adults-2010-11Summary/ ] webcite The National Food Agency. Riksmaten- Dietary survey, Adults 2010–11. []
• [8]Mathews F, Neil HAW: Nutrient intakes during pregnancy in a cohort of nulliparous women. J Hum Nutr Diet 1998, 11:151-161.
• [9]Mouratidou T, Ford F, Prountzou F, Fraser R: Dietary assessment of a population of pregnant women in Sheffield, UK. Br J Nutr 2006, 96:929-935.
• [10]Rogers I, Emmett P: Diet during pregnancy in a population of pregnant women in South West England. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998, 52:246-250.
• [11]Hovdenak N, Haram K: Influence of mineral and vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012, 164:127-132.
• [12]Surén P, Roth C, Bresnahan M, Haugen M, Hornig M, Hirtz D, Lie KK, Lipkin WI, Magnus P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Schjølberg S, Davey Smith G, Øyen A-S, Susser E, Stoltenberg C: Association between maternal use of folic acid supplements and risk of autism spectrum disorders in children. JAMA 2013, 309:570-577.
• [13]Brembeck P, Winkvist A, Olausson H: Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant fair-skinned women in Sweden. Br J Nutr 2013, 110:856-864.
• [14]Christesen HT, Falkenberg T, Lamont RF, Jørgensen JS: The impact of vitamin D on pregnancy: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012, 91:1357-1367.
• [15]Crozier SR, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Inskip HM: Women’s dietary patterns change little from before to during pregnancy. J Nutr 2009, 139:1956-1963.
• [16]Heslehurst N, Rankin J, Wilkinson JR, Summerbell CD: A nationally representative study of maternal obesity in England, UK: trends in incidence and demographic inequalities in 619 323 births, 1989–2007. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010, 34:420-428.
• [17]Mamun AA, Callaway LK, O’Callaghan MJ, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R, Clavarino A, Lawlor DA: Associations of maternal prepregnancy obesity and excess pregnancy weight gains with adverse pregnancy outcomes and length of hospital stay. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2011, 11:62. BioMed Central Full Text
• [18]Johansson I, Hallmans G, Wikman A, Biessy C, Riboli E, Kaaks R: Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort. Public Health Nutr 2002, 5:487-496.
• [19]Kroke A, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Voss S, Möseneder J, Thielecke F, Noack R, Boeing H: Validation of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire administered in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: comparison of energy, protein, and macronutrient intakes estimated with the doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, and repeated 24-h dietary recall methods. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 70:439-447.
• [20]Stegmayr B, Lundberg V, Asplund K: The events registration and survey procedures in the Northern Sweden MONICA Project. Scand J Public Health Suppl 2003, 61:9-17.
• [21]Johansson I, Van Guelpen B, Hultdin J, Johansson M, Hallmans G, Stattin P: Validity of food frequency questionnaire estimated intakes of folate and other B vitamins in a region without folic acid fortification. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010, 64:905-913.
• [22]Wennberg M, Vessby B, Johansson I: Evaluation of relative intake of fatty acids according to the Northern Sweden FFQ with fatty acid levels in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12:1477-1484.
• [23][http://www.slv.se/en-gb/Group1/Food-and-Nutrition/The-Food-Database/] webcite The Food Database - National Food Agency []
• [24]Winkvist A, Hörnell A, Hallmans G, Lindahl B, Weinehall L, Johansson I: More distinct food intake patterns among women than men in northern Sweden: a population-based survey. Nutr J 2009, 8:12. BioMed Central Full Text
• [25]Sullivan M, Karlsson J, Ware JE Jr: The Swedish SF-36 Health Survey–I. Evaluation of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and construct validity across general populations in Sweden. Soc Sci Med 1995, 41:1349-1358.
• [26]Johansson I, Nilsson LM, Stegmayr B, Boman K, Hallmans G, Winkvist A: Associations among 25-year trends in diet, cholesterol and BMI from 140,000 observations in men and women in Northern Sweden. Nutr J 2012, 11:40. BioMed Central Full Text
• [27]Willett W: Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, Oxford; New York; 2013.
• [28]Johansson G, Wikman A, Ahrén AM, Hallmans G, Johansson I: Underreporting of energy intake in repeated 24-hour recalls related to gender, age, weight status, day of interview, educational level, reported food intake, smoking habits and area of living. Public Health Nutr 2001, 4:919-927.
• [29]Suitor CW, Bailey LB: Dietary folate equivalents: interpretation and application. J Am Diet Assoc 2000, 100:88-94.
• [30]Bylesjö M, Rantalainen M, Cloarec O, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Trygg J: OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification. J Chemometr 2006, 2007:341-351.
• [31]Sjöström M, Wold S, Söderström B: PLS Discriminant Plots Proceeding in PARC in Practice. In PLS Discriminant Plots Proceeding in PARC in Practice. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, Amsterdam; 1985:461-470.
• [32]Haenlein M, Kaplan , Andreas M: A Beginner’s Guide to Partial Least Squares Analysis. Understanding Stat 2004, 3:283-297.
• [33]Hörnell A, Winkvist A, Hallmans G, Weinehall L, Johansson I: Mis-reporting, previous health status and health status of family may seriously bias the association between food patterns and disease. Nutr J 2010, 9:48. BioMed Central Full Text
• [34]Willett WC, Howe GR, Kushi LH: Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65(4 Suppl):1220S-1228S. discussion 1229S–1231S
• [35]Blumfield ML, Hure AJ, Macdonald-Wicks LK, Patterson AJ, Smith R, Collins CE: Disparities exist between National food group recommendations and the dietary intakes of women. BMC Womens Health 2011, 11:37. BioMed Central Full Text
• [36]Ruxton CHS, Derbyshire E: Women’s diet quality in the UK. Nutr Bull 2010, 35:126-137.
• [37]Elmadfa I, Meyer A, Nowak V, Hasenegger V, Putz P, Verstraeten R, Remaut-DeWinter AM, Kolsteren P, Dostálová J, Dlouhý P, Trolle E, Fagt S, Biltoft-Jensen A, Mathiessen J, Velsing Groth M, Kambek L, Gluskova N, Voutilainen S, Erkkilä A, Vernay M, Krems C, Strassburg A, Vasquez-Caicedo AL, Urban C, Naska A, Efstathopoulou E, Oikonomou E, Tsiotas K, Bountziouka V, Benetou V, et al.: European Nutrition and Health Report 2009. Ann Nutr Metab 2009, 55(Suppl 2):1-40.
• [38]Haugen M, Brantsaeter AL, Alexander J, Meltzer HM: Dietary supplements contribute substantially to the total nutrient intake in pregnant Norwegian women. Ann Nutr Metab 2008, 52:272-280.
• [39]Inskip HM, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Borland SE, Cooper C, Robinson SM: Women’s compliance with nutrition and lifestyle recommendations before pregnancy: general population cohort study. BMJ 2009, 338:b481.
• [40]Hure A, Young A, Smith R, Collins C: Diet and pregnancy status in Australian women. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12:853-861.