Impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in children with recurrent wheezing or asthma

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Nicola Principi³  Maria Francesca Patria³  Stefano Malerba¹  Valentina Montinaro³  Elisabetta Prada³  Laura Senatore³  Beatrice Ascolese³  Benedetta Longhi³  Mara Lelii³  Carlotta Galeone²  Susanna Esposito³ 

[1] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy

关键词: Wheezing;    Traffic-related pollutant;    Respiratory disease;    PM₁₀;    NO₂;    Asthma;    Air pollution;   

Others  :  1109555
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2466-14-130

 received in 2014-04-16, accepted in 2014-07-29,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Air pollution has many negative health effects on the general population, especially children, subjects with underlying chronic disease and the elderly. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of traffic-related pollution on the exacerbation of asthma and development of respiratory infections in Italian children suffering from asthma or wheezing compared with healthy subjects and to estimate the association between incremental increases in principal pollutants and the incidence of respiratory symptoms.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 777 children aged 2 to 18 years (375 with recurrent wheezing or asthma and 402 healthy subjects). Over 12 months, parents filled out a daily clinical diary to report information about respiratory symptoms, type of medication used and healthcare utilization. Clinical data were combined with the results obtained using an air pollution monitoring system of the five most common pollutants.

Results

Among the 329 children with recurrent wheezing or asthma and 364 healthy subjects who completed follow-up, children with recurrent wheezing or asthma reported significantly more days of fever (p = 0.005) and cough (p < 0.001), episodes of rhinitis (p = 0.04) and tracheitis (p = 0.01), asthma attacks (p < 0.001), episodes of pneumonia (p < 0.001) and hospitalizations (p = 0.02). In the wheezing/asthma cohort, living close to the street with a high traffic density was a risk factor for asthma exacerbations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.84), whereas living near green areas was found to be protective (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31 -0.80). An increase of 10 μg/m³ of particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM₁₀) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) increased the onset of pneumonia only in wheezing/asthmatic children (continuous rate ratio [RR] = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.17 for PM₁₀; continuous RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17 for NO₂).

Conclusions

There is a significant association between traffic-related pollution and the development of asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections in children born to atopic parents and in those suffering from recurrent wheezing or asthma. These findings suggest that environmental control may be crucial for respiratory health in children with underlying respiratory disease.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Esposito et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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