Cynomorium songaricum extract enhances novel object recognition, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mice via improving hippocampal environment

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

In Koo Hwang³  Moo-Ho Won¹  Ki-Yeon Yoo⁴  Yeo Sung Yoon³  Jong Whi Kim³  Sung Min Nam³  Hyo Young Jung³  Woosuk Kim³  Jung Hoon Choi²  Dae Young Yoo³ 

[1] Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea;Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea;Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea;Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, South Korea

关键词: Corticosterone;    Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule;    5-bromodeoxyuridine;    Hippocampus;    Cynomorium songaricum extract;   

Others  :  1220394
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-5

 received in 2013-09-09, accepted in 2013-12-31,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (CS) has been used as a medicine to treat many diseases as well as to alleviate age-related issues, such as memory impairment, dementia, and stress. In this study, we assessed the effects of Cynomorium songaricum extract (CSE) on the novel object recognition, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of mice by using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). We also measured serum corticosterone levels to assess its correlation with neurogenesis and stress.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into 3 groups: vehicle-treated, 40 mg/kg CSE-treated, and 100 mg/kg CSE-treated. The vehicle and CSE were given to mice once a day for 3 weeks. BrdU was injected twice a day for 3 days to label newly generated cells.

Results

Administration of CSE significantly increased the preferential exploration of new objects in these mice. In addition, administration of CSE decreased serum levels of corticosterone. BrdU-positive cells as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus were higher in the CSE-treated groups than in the vehicle-treated group. PSA-NCAM-positive neuroblasts and their well-developed tertiary dendrites were also significantly increased by the treatment of CSE. These effects were prominent at the higher dosage than at the lower dosage.

Conclusion

These results suggest that administration of CSE increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of mice by reducing serum corticosterone levels and increasing BDNF levels in this area.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Yoo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Paizanis E, Kelai S, Renoir T, Hamon M, Lanfumey L: Life-long hippocampal neurogenesis: environmental, pharmacological and neurochemical modulations. Neurochem Res 2007, 32:1762-1771.
• [2]Gage FH: Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 2000, 287:1433-1438.
• [3]Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, Gage FH: Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 1998, 4:1313-1317.
• [4]Gould E, Reeves AJ, Fallah M, Tanapat P, Gross CG, Fuchs E: Hippocampal neurogenesis in adult Old World primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:5263-5267.
• [5]Sohur US, Emsley JG, Mitchell BD, Macklis JD: Adult neurogenesis and cellular brain repair with neural progenitors, precursors and stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006, 361:1477-1497.
• [6]Garthe A, Behr J, Kempermann G: Adult-generated hippocampal neurons allow the flexible use of spatially precise learning strategies. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5464.
• [7]Deng W, Aimone JB, Gage FH: New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory? Nat Rev Neurosci 2010, 11:339-350.
• [8]Sahay A, Hen R: Hippocampal neurogenesis and depression. Novartis Found Symp 2008, 289:152-160.
• [9]Mu Y, Gage FH: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2011, 6:85. BioMed Central Full Text
• [10]Gould E, Cameron HA, Daniels DC, Woolley CS, McEwen BS: Adrenal hormones suppress cell division in the adult rat dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 1992, 12:3642-3650.
• [11]Lee E, Son H: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and related neurotrophic factors. BMB Rep 2009, 42:239-244.
• [12]Van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH: Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 1999, 2:266-270.
• [13]Zhao G, Wang J, Qin GW, Guo LH: Cynomorium songaricum extracts functionally modulate transporters of γ-aminobutyric acid and monoamine. Neurochem Res 2010, 35:666-676.
• [14]Liu HP, Chang RF, Wu YS, Lin WY, Tsai FJ: The yang-tonifying herbal medicine Cynomorium songaricum extends lifespan and delays aging in Drosophila. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012, 2012:735481.
• [15]Yang WM, Kim HY, Park SY, Kim HM, Chang MS, Park SK: Cynomorium songaricum induces spermatogenesis with glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhancement in rat testes. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 128:693-696.
• [16]Jiang ZH, Tanaka T, Sakamoto M, Jiang T, Kouno I: Studies on a medicinal parasitic plant: lignans from the stems of Cynomorium songaricum. Chem Pharm Bull 2001, 49:1036-1038.
• [17]Yu FR, Liu Y, Cui YZ, Chan EQ, Xie MR, McGuire PP, Yu FH: Effects of a flavonoid extract from Cynomorium songaricum on the swimming endurance of rats. Am J Chin Med 2010, 38:65-73.
• [18]Lee S, Kim DH, Lee DH, Jeon SJ, Lee CH, Son KH, Jung JW, Shin CY, Ryu JH, Oroxylin A: A flavonoid, stimulates adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region of mice. Neurochem Res 2010, 35:1725-1732.
• [19]Gutierrez-Merino C, Lopez-Sanchez C, Lagoa R, Samhan-Arias AK, Bueno C, Garcia-Martinez V: Neuroprotective actions of flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2011, 18:1195-1212.
• [20]Franklin KBJ, Paxinos G: The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997.
• [21]Ennaceur A, Delacour J: A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioral data. Behav Brain Res 1988, 31:47-59.
• [22]Sloviter RS, Valiquette G, Abrams GM, Ronk EC, Sollas AL, Paul LA, Neubort S: Selective loss of hippocampal granule cells in the mature rat brain after adrenalectomy. Science 1989, 243:535-538.
• [23]Montaron MF, Piazza PV, Aurousseau C, Urani A, Le Moal M, Abrous DN: Implication of corticosteroid receptors in the regulation of hippocampal structural plasticity. Eur J Neurosci 2003, 18:3105-3111.
• [24]Lee CH, Yoo DY, Park OK, Park JH, Yi SS, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK: Effects of adrenalectomy and replacement therapy of corticosterone on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the rat dentate gyrus. Neurochem Res 2011, 36:1767-1775.
• [25]Kalminjn S, Launer LJ, Stolk RP, DeJong FJ, Pols HAP, Hofman A, Breteler MMB, Lamberts SWJ: A prospective study of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cogntiive function in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:3487-3492.
• [26]Van Niekerk JK, Huppert FA, Herbert J: Salivary cortisol and DHEA: association with measures of cognition and well-being in normal older men, and effects of three months of DHEA supplementation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001, 26:591-612.
• [27]Kaminska M, Harris J, Gijsbers K, Dubrovsky B: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) counteracts decremental effects of corticosterone on dentate gyrus LTP. Implications for depression. Brain Res Bull 2000, 52:229-234.
• [28]Hansson AC, Sommer WH, Metsis M, Strömberg I, Agnati LF, Fuxe K: Corticosterone actions on the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression are mediated by exon IV promoter. J Neuroendocrinol 2006, 18:104-114.
• [29]Rossi C, Angelucci A, Costantin L, Braschi C, Mazzantini M, Babbini F, Fabbri ME, Tessarollo L, Maffei L, Berardi N, Caleo M: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis following environmental enrichment. Eur J Neurosci 2006, 24:1850-1856.
• [30]Burke SN, Barnes CA: Senescent synapses and hippocampal circuit dynamics. Trends Neurosci 2010, 33:153-161.
• [31]Schimanski LA, Barnes CA: Neural protein synthesis during aging: effects on plasticity and memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2010, 2:26.
• [32]Hersch SM, Yi H, Heilman CJ, Edwards RH, Levey AI: Subcellular localization and molecular topology of the dopamine transporter in the striatum and substantia nigra. J Comp Neurol 1997, 388:211-227.
• [33]Nelson N: The family of Na+/Cl- neurotransmitter transporters. J Neurochem 1998, 71:1785-1803.
• [34]Asada H, Kawamura Y, Maruyama K, Kume H, Ding RG, Kanbara N, Kuzume H, Sanbo M, Yagi T, Obata K: Cleft palate and decreased brain gamma-aminobutyric acid in mice lacking the 67-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94:6496-6499.
• [35]Xia L, Delomenie C, David I, Rainer Q, Marouard M, Delacroix H, David DJ, Gardier AM, Guilloux JP: Ventral hippocampal molecular pathways and impaired neurogenesis associated with 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors disruption in mice. Neurosci Lett 2012, 521:20-25.
• [36]Thanapreedawat P, Kobayashi H, Inui N, Sakamoto K, Kim M, Yoto A, Yokogoshi H: GABA affects novel object recognition memory and working memory in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2013, 59:152-157.
• [37]Waterhouse EG, An JJ, Orefice LL, Baydyuk M, Liao GY, Zheng K, Lu B, Xu B: BDNF promotes differentiation and maturation of adult-born neurons through GABAergic transmission. J Neurosci 2012, 32:14318-14330.
• [38]Lu Y, Wang Q, Melzig MF, Jenett-Siems K: Extracts of Cynomorium songaricum protect human neuroblastoma cells from beta-amyloid25-35 and superoxide anion induced injury. Pharmazie 2009, 64:609-612.
• [39]Liu Y, Li H, Wang X, Zhang G, Wang Y, Di D: Evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. by a novel DPPH-HPLC method. J Food Sci 2011, 76:C1245-C1249.
• [40]Ma L, Chen G, Nie L, Ai M: Effect of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide on telomere length in blood and brain of D-galactose-induced senescence mice. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2009, 34:1257-1260.