Synergy of antibacterial and antioxidant activities from crude extracts and peptides of selected plant mixture

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Sekaran Muniandy¹  Koshy Philip²  Abdul-Mushin M Shami² 

[1] Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

关键词: Pathogenic bacteria;    SOD assay;    DPPH free radical activity;    Antibacterial properties;    Indigenous plants;   

Others  :  1220436
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-13-360

 received in 2013-02-15, accepted in 2013-12-10,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

A plant mixture containing indigenous Australian plants was examined for synergistic antimicrobial activity using selected test microorganisms. This study aims to investigate antibacterial activities, antioxidant potential and the content of phenolic compounds in aqueous, ethanolic and peptide extracts of plant mixture.

Methods

Well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were used to test antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. HPLC and gel filtration were used for purification of the peptides. Scanning electron microscope was applied to investigate the mode of attachment of the peptides on target microbial membranes.

Results

Aqueous extraction of the mixture showed no inhibition zones against all the test bacteria. Mean diameter of inhibition zones for ethanol extraction of this mixture attained 8.33 mm, 7.33 mm, and 6.33 mm against S. aureus at corresponding concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 mg/ml while E .coli showed inhibition zones of 9.33 mm, 8.00 mm and 6.66 mm at the same concentrations. B. cereus exhibited inhibition zones of 11.33 mm, 10.33 mm and 10.00 mm at concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 mg/ml respectively. The peptide extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and B. cereus. The MIC and MBC values for ethanol extracts were determined at 125 mg/ml concentration against S. aureus and E. coli and B. cereus value was 31.5 mg/ml. MIC and MBC values showed that the peptide extract was significantly effective at low concentration of the Australian plant mixture (APM). Phenolic compounds were detected in hot aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant mixture. Hot aqueous, ethanol and peptides extracts also exhibited antioxidant activities.

Conclusions

It was concluded that APM possessed good antibacterial and antioxidant activities following extraction with different solvents. The results suggest that APM provide a new source with antibacterial agents and antioxidant activity for nutraceutical or medical applications.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Shami et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ahmed AK, Johnson KA: TUrner Review No. 3. Horticultural development of Australian native edible plants. Aust J Bot 2000, 48(4):417-426.
• [2]Gram L, Ravn L, Rasch M, Bruhn JB, Christensen AB, Givskov M: Food spoilage-interactions between food spoilage bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2002, 78(1):79-97.
• [3]Rauha J-P, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, Pihlaja K, Vuorela H, Vuorela P: Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Int J Food Microbiol 2000, 56(1):3-12.
• [4]Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S: Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu,India. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006, 6(1):35. BioMed Central Full Text
• [5]Wilson PG, O'Brien MM, Quinn CJ: Anetholea (Myrtaceae), a new genus for Backhousia anisata: a cryptic member of the Acmena alliance. Aust Syst Bot 2000, 13(3):429-435.
• [6]Armesto J, Smith‒Ramirez C, Rozzi R: Conservation strategies for biodiversity and indigenous people in Chilean forest ecosystems. J R Soc N Z 2001, 31(4):865-877.
• [7]Howard RA: The role of botanists during World War II in the Pacific Theatre. Bot Rev 1994, 60(2):197-257.
• [8]Taylor R: Lemon myrtle, the essential oil. Rural Res 1996, 172:18-19.
• [9]Burke BE, Baillie JE, Olson RD: Essential oil of Australian lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children. Biomed Pharmacother 2004, 58(4):245-247.
• [10]Buchaillot A, Caffin N, Bhandari B: Drying of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves: retention of volatiles and color. Drying Technol 2009, 27(3):445-450.
• [11]Hayes A, Markovic B: Toxicity of Australian essential oil Backhousia citriodora (Lemon myrtle). Part 1. Antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2002, 40(4):535-543.
• [12]Dupont S, Caffin N, Bhandari B, Dykes GA: In vitro antibacterial activity of Australian native herb extracts against food-related bacteria. Food Control 2006, 17(11):929-932.
• [13]Bell DT: Turner Review No. 1. The process of germination in Australian species. Aust J Bot 1999, 47(4):475-517.
• [14]Mohanty S, Cock IE: The chemotherapeutic potential of Terminalia ferdinandiana: phytochemistry and bioactivity. Pharmacogn Rev 2012, 6(11):29.
• [15]Konczak I, Zabaras D, Dunstan M, Aguas P: Antioxidant capacity and hydrophilic phytochemicals in commercially grown native Australian fruits. Food Chem 2010, 123(4):1048-1054.
• [16]Lim T: Citrus australasica. In Edible medicinal and Non-medicinal plants. Netherlands: Springer; 2012:625-628.
• [17]Matewele P: The effect of electromagnetic field on antimicrobial activity of lime oil. J Microbiol Methods 2010, 83(2):275-276.
• [18]Ningappa MB, Srinivas L: Purification and characterization of ~ 35kDa antioxidant protein from curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.). Toxicol in Vitro 2008, 22(3):699-709.
• [19]Schleicher E, Wieland O: Evaluation of the Bradford method for protein determination in body fluids. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1978, 16(9):533.
• [20]Andrews JM: Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 48(suppl 1):5-16.
• [21]Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Goran A, Igic R: Phenolics as antioxidants in garlic (Allium sativum L., Alliaceae). Food Chem 2008, 111(4):925-929.
• [22]Sakudo A, Lee D, Li S, Nakamura T, Matsumoto Y, Saeki K, Itohara S, Ikuta K, Onodera T: PrP cooperates with STI1 to regulate SOD activity in PrP-deficient neuronal cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005, 328(1):14-19.
• [23]Slinkard K, Singleton VL: Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Vitic 1977, 28(1):49-55.
• [24]Kaur GJ, Arora DS: Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009, 9(1):30. BioMed Central Full Text
• [25]Saidana D, Mahjoub S, Boussaada O, Chriaa J, Mahjoub MA, Chéraif I, Daami M, Mighri Z, Helal AN: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oils of two saltcedar species from Tunisia. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2008, 85(9):817-826.
• [26]Rodríguez-Ramos T, Lorenzo P, GONZÁLEZ L: Marine Allelopathy: principles and perspectives. Thalassas 2007, 23(1):39-49.
• [27]Lai HY, Lim YY, Kim KH: Blechnum orientale Linn-a fern with potential as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agent. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010, 10(1):15. BioMed Central Full Text
• [28]Shai Y: Mode of action of membrane active antimicrobial peptides. Pept Sci 2002, 66(4):236-248.
• [29]Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Das DK, Ray SD, Kuszynski CA, Joshi SS, Pruess HG: Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology 2000, 148(2):187-197.
• [30]Lee J, Koo N, Min D: Reactive oxygen species, aging, and antioxidative nutraceuticals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2006, 3(1):21-33.
• [31]Larson RA: The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry 1988, 27(4):969-978.
• [32]Friedrich CL, Moyles D, Beveridge TJ, Hancock REW: Antibacterial action of structurally diverse cationic peptides on gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44(8):2086-2092.
• [33]Wong JH, Zhang XQ, Wang HX, Ng TB: A mitogenic defensin from white cloud beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Peptides 2006, 27(9):2075-2081.
• [34]Lin P, Wong JH, Ng TB: A defensin with highly potent antipathogenic activities from the seeds of purple pole bean. Biosci Rep 2009, 30(2):101-109.