Prothrombin complex concentrate in the reduction of blood loss during orthotopic liver transplantation: PROTON-trial

BMC Surgery

Robert J Porte⁵  Jacques Pirenne⁹  Ton Lisman⁵  Herman GD Hendriks⁶  Henk Groen¹  Paul FW Strengers⁸  Helena Isoniemi⁷  Anna-Maria Koivusalo²  Minna Ilmakunnas²  Frederik Nevens^1,10  Frank Grüne³  Wojciech Polak⁴  Rachel T van Beem⁸  Brigitte Ickx^1,11  Freeha Arshad⁵ 

[1] Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland;Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Transplantation Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland;Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Erasme Brussels, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

关键词: Cirrhosis;    Transfusion Requirements;    Blood Loss;    Bleeding;    Haemostatis;    Prothrombin Complex Concentrate;    Orthotopic Liver Transplantation;   

Others  :  866919
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2482-13-22

 received in 2012-12-11, accepted in 2013-06-17,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

In patients with cirrhosis, the synthesis of coagulation factors can fall short, reflected by a prolonged prothrombin time. Although anticoagulants factors are decreased as well, blood loss during orthotopic liver transplantation can still be excessive. Blood loss during orthotopic liver transplantation is currently managed by transfusion of red blood cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, and fibrinogen concentrate. Transfusion of these products may paradoxically result in an increased bleeding tendency due to aggravated portal hypertension. The hemostatic effect of these products may therefore be overshadowed by bleeding complications due to volume overload.

In contrast to these transfusion products, prothrombin complex concentrate is a low-volume highly purified concentrate, containing the four vitamin K dependent coagulation factors. Previous studies have suggested that administration of prothrombin complex concentrate is an effective method to normalize a prolonged prothrombin time in patients with liver cirrhosis. We aim to investigate whether the pre-operative administration of prothrombin complex concentrate in patients undergoing liver transplantation for end-stage liver cirrhosis, is a safe and effective method to reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.

Methods/Design

This is a double blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Cirrhotic patients with a prolonged INR (≥1.5) undergoing liver transplantation will be randomized between placebo or prothrombin complex concentrate administration prior to surgery. Demographic, surgical and transfusion data will be recorded. The primary outcome of this study is RBC transfusion requirements.

Discussion

Patients with advanced cirrhosis have reduced plasma levels of both pro- and anticoagulant coagulation proteins. Prothrombin complex concentrate is a low-volume plasma product that contains both procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins and transfusion will not affect the volume status prior to the surgical procedure. We hypothesize that administration of prothrombin complex concentrate will result in a reduction of perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements. Theoretically, the administration of prothrombin complex concentrate may be associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic complications. Therefore, thromboembolic complications are an important secondary endpoint and the occurrence of this type of complication will be closely monitored during the study.

Trial registration

The trial is registered at http://www.trialregister.nl webcite with number NTR3174. This registry is accepted by the ICMJE.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Arshad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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