HIV, HBV, HCV and T. pallidum infections among blood donors and Transfusion-related complications among recipients at the Laquintinie hospital in Douala, Cameroon

BMC Hematology

Léopold Gustave Lehman⁴  Madeleine Mbangue¹  Estelle Géraldine Essangui Same⁴  Françoise Ngo Sack³  Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko² 

[1] Blood Transfusion Center, Laquinitinie Hospital, Douala, Cameroon;Pole d’Excellence en Epidémiologie du Paludisme, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon;Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon;Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biology, Faculty of science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

关键词: Complications;    T. pallidum;    HCV;    HBV;    HIV;    Blood transfusion;   

Others  :  863154
DOI  :  10.1186/2052-1839-14-5

 received in 2013-08-07, accepted in 2014-02-08,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) pose a major health risk in Cameroon given the high prevalence of such pathogens and increased demands for blood donations in the local communities. This study aims at establishing the prevalence of commonly encountered TTIs among blood donors and transfusion-related complications among recipients in an urban center of Cameroon.

Methods

A total of 477 blood donors and 83 blood recipients were recruited by consecutive sampling at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (LHD), Cameroon. Serum samples from blood donors were tested by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and/or using various Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for presence of Hepatits B (HBV) viral antigens, and antibodies to human immunodeficiency (HIV-1/2), Hepatits B (HCV) and Treponema pallidum. Recipient’s medical records were also analyzed for possible transfusion-associated complications.

Results

The male/female sex ratio of the blood donors was 4/1 with a mean age of 30.2 (Sd = 8.3) years. Of all blood donors, 64/467 (13.7%) were infected by at least one of the four TTIs. Infected volunteer donors represented 8.3% while infected family donors comprised 14.3% of the donor population. The prevalence of HCV, HIV, HBV and T. pallidum were 1.3%, 1.8%, 3.5%, and 8.1%, respectively. More than half of the blood recipients were female (78.3%) and the mean age was 20.6 (SD = 16.1) years. The causes of severe anemia indicative of transfusion in recipients varied with wards (postpartum hemorrhage, caesarean section, uterine or cervical lacerations, abortions, urinary tract infections, severe malaria, vaso-occlusive attacks, wounds and gastrointestinal bleeding). The most frequent complications were chills and hematuria, which represented 46.1% of all observed complications. Other complications such as nausea, vomiting, jaundice, sudden diarrhea, anxiety, tachycardia, or hyperthermia were also found in recipients. Three cases of deaths occurred during the study, including a girl of less than one year.

Conclusion

This study confirms the presence of blood-borne infectious diseases in blood donors at the LHD, identifying T. pallidum as the greatest threat to blood safety in the region, and hematuria as the most common immunological complications in blood recipients.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Eboumbou Moukoko et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

【 参考文献 】

• [1]ANRS: Approche historique et anthropologique de la transfusion sanguine au Cameroun et en Ouganda. Projet ANRS 12196. 2012. http://www.anrs.fr/content/download/2954/16845/file/36_Mbanya.pps webcite
• [2]Noubouossie D, Tagny CT, Same-Ekobo A, Mbanya D: Asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites in blood donors in Yaoundé. Transfusion Med 2012, 22:63-67.
• [3]El Ghouzzi ME, Garraud O: Parasites et transfusion sanguine: causes et conséquences. Hematology 2006, 12:129-139.
• [4]Comité national de lutte contre le sida, Ministère de la santé publique au Cameroun et Groupe Technique Central: Plan stratégique national de Lutte contre le VIH/SIDA 2006–2010. 2006. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_126706.pdf webcite
• [5]Lucky TT, Seed CR, Keller A, Lee J, McDonald A, Ismay S, Wand H, Wilson DP: Trends in transfusion-transmissible infections among Australian blood donors from 2005 to 2010. Transfusion 2013. doi:10.1111/trf.12144 [Epub ahead of print]
• [6]Pillonel JET Laperche S: Surveillance épidémiologique des donneurs de sang homologues et risque résiduel en France entre 2003 et 2005: Bilans réguliers de surveillance. Bull Epidemiol Hebd 2006, 51:411-414.
• [7]Koangan Mogtomo ML, Louandji Fomekong S, Fotso Kuate H, Ngono Ngane A: Détection des agents infectieux dans les banques de sang de Douala (1995–2004). Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones/Santé 2009, 19:3-8.
• [8]Mbanya D: Use of quality rapid diagnostic testing for safe blood transfusion in resource-limited settings. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013, 7:1469-1491.
• [9]Noah Noah D, Njouom R, Bonny A, Pirsou , Meli J, Biwole Sida M: HBs antigene prevalence in blood donors and the risk of transfusion of hepatitis B at the central hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon. Open J Gastroenterol 2011, 1:23-27.
• [10]Cuttelod M: Risques infectieux liés à la transfusion. Forum Hygiène hospitalière 2009. http://www.hpci.ch/files/formation/forum/hh_forum0905-2.pdf webcite
• [11]Mbanya D, Fidele Binam MD, Kaptue L: Transfusion outcome in a resource-limited setting of Cameroon: a five-year evaluation. Int J Infect Dis 2001, 5:12-20.
• [12]Baidy L, Abdalay D, Sow A: Séroprévalence tréponémique chez les donneurs de sang au centre hospitalier national de Nouakchott (Mauritanie). Med Afr Noire 1998, 45(8/9):511-513.
• [13]Liu J, Huang Y, Wang J, Guo N, Li J, Dong X, Ma H, Tiemuer M, Huang M, Wright DJ, Ness P, Shan H: The increasing prevalence of serologic markers for syphilis among Chinese blood donors in 2008 through 2010 during a syphilis epidemic. Transfusion 2012, 52:1741-1749.
• [14]Ngouadjeu Dongho E: Transfusion sanguine au Cameroun: Etats des lieux. Symposium sur les hémopathies malignes, la drépanocytose et la problématique de la transfusion sanguine en Afrique: 12 Mai 2012. Bruxelles: MedCambel; 2012.
• [15]El Ghouzzi M-H, Rebibo D: Transfusion et risques résiduels. Revue francophone des laboratoires 2010, 426:79-83.
• [16]Services du Premier Ministre du Cameroun: Textes législatifs et réglementaires. Loi N° 2003/014 du 22 décembre 2003 portant sur la transfusion sanguine. 2003. http://www.spm.gov.cm/fr/documentation/textes-legislatifs-et-reglementaires/article/loi-n-2003014-du-22-decembre-2003-portant-sur-la-transfusion-sanguine.html webcite
• [17]Ndumbe PM, Njie TK: Hepatitis A and B infection in Yaounde, Cameroon. ResVirol 1989, 140:253-261.
• [18]Mecky In M, Pius MM, Eligius FL: Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis infections among blood donors at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2006, 6:21-26. BioMed Central Full Text
• [19]Uzun B, Güngör S, Demirci M: Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in western part of Turkey: A six-year study [abstract]. Transfus Apher Sci 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [20]Dikosso E: Séroprévalence du virus de l’immunodeficience humaine et du virus de l’hépatite B chez les donneurs de sang à l’hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. In Master II dissertation. University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of de Medicine and Biological Sciences; 2010.
• [21]Kra O, N’Dri N, Ehui E, Ouattara B, Bissagnene E: Prévalence de l’antigène HBs chez les donneurs de sang au centre régional de transfusion sanguine de Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire) en 2001. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2001, 100(2):127-129.
• [22]Zekeng L, Kaptuen L: Sérologie VIH et portage de l’antigène HBs et Hbe chez les donneurs de sang au CHU de Yaoundé, Cameroun. Annales de la Société Belge Médecine Tropicale 1990, 70:49-53.
• [23]Noubiap JJ, Joko WY, Nansseu JR, Tene UG, Siaka C: Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and syphilis infections among first-time blood donors in Edéa, Cameroon. Int J Infect Dis 2013, s1201-s9712. (12)01329-X.[Epub ahead of print]
• [24]Mbanya DN, Takam D, Ndumbe PM: Serological findings amongst first-time blood donors in Yaoundé, Cameroon: is safe donation a reality or a myth? Transfus Med 2003, 13:267-273.
• [25]Comité National de Lutte contre le SIDA/Groupe Technique Central: Rapport national de suivi de la déclaration politique sur le VIH/SIDA Cameroun. http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_CM_Narrative_Report.pdf webcite
• [26]Enquête Démographique et de Santé, Institut National de la Statistique, ICF International: Rapport Préliminaire sur la Prévalence du VIH. Indicateurs Multiples. 2012. http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/EDS-MICS11/EDS_MICS_2011_Rapport_preliminaire_27_oct_11.pdf webcite
• [27]Sama M, Monny Lobe M, Ndjitoyap Ndam E: Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infectious agents among healthy blood donors in Cameroon. Int Conf AIDS 2004, 16:15-20.
• [28]Madhava V, Burgess C, Drucker E: Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2002, 2:293-302.
• [29]Samake M: Place de la transfusion sanguine dans la prise en Charge des urgences obstétricales dans le service de Gynécologie - obstétrique du centre de sante de Référence de la commune V du district de Bamako: A propos de 198 cas. Medicine thesis: University of Bamako; 2008.
• [30]Aflak N, Grebille AG, Anquetil C, Bouquet De Joliniere J, Levardon M: Extrait des Mises à jour en Gynécologie et Obstétrique; Tome XXII. Vingt-deuxièmes journées nationales 1998. Paris: the Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens Français; 1998:17. http://www.cngof.asso.fr/d_livres/1998_GO_277_levardon.pdf webcite
• [31]Mandengue SH, Lehman LG, Assomo-Ndemba P, Mbangue M: Distribution des antigènes des systèmes ABO, Rhésus, Kell, MNSs et Duffy chez des drépanocytaires et donneurs de sang bénévoles à Douala (Cameroun): Risques de réactions transfusionnelles. Med Afr Noire 2003, 50:22-24.
• [32]Ngo Sack F, Noah Noah D, Zouhaïratou H, Mbanya D: Portage de l’antigène HBs et des anticorps anti-VHC chez le drépanocytaire homozygote à l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Pan African Med J 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612872/pdf/PAMJ-14-40.pdf webcite
• [33]Moussaoui DR, Chouhou L, Guelzim K, Kouach J, Dehayni M, Fehri H: Drépanocytose majeure et grossesse Transfusions prophylactiques systématiques, à propos de 16 cas. Med Trop 2002, 62:603-606.
• [34]Dan V, Koumakpai S, Hazoume FA, Latoundji S, Ayivi B: Problèmes transfusionnels dans le service de pédiatrie et génétique médicale du centre national hospitalier et universitaire de Cotonou. Med Afr Noire 1992, 39:15-25.