Enzymatically active Rho and Rac small-GTPases are involved in the establishment of the vacuolar membrane after Toxoplasma gondii invasion of host cells

BMC Microbiology

Julian Gomez-Cambronero²  Xiao-guang Chen¹  Hong-Juan Peng¹  Liwang Cui³  Xiao-Jing Meng⁴  Ji-Xuan Luo¹  Guo-Hui Zhu¹  Ren-Hua Na¹ 

[1]Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China

[2]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA

[3]Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 537 ASI Bldg, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

[4]Department of Occupation Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China

关键词: Activate;    Accumulate;    GTPase;    Rac1;    RhoA;    Parasitophorous vacuole membrane;    Toxoplasma gondii;   

Others  :  1143652
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2180-13-125

 received in 2013-01-10, accepted in 2013-05-27,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

GTPases are the family of hydrolases that bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate. The large Immunity-related GTPases and the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor-6 in host cells are known to accumulate on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) of Toxoplasma gondii and play critical roles in this parasite infection, but these GTPases cannot explain the full extent of infection.

Results

In this research, RhoA and Rac1 GTPases from the host cell were found to accumulate on the PVM regardless of the virulence of the T. gondii strains after T. gondii invasion, and this accumulation was dependent on their GTPase activity. The real-time micrography of T. gondii tachyzoites invading COS-7 cells overexpressing CFP-RhoA showed that this GTPase was recruited to the PVM at the very beginning of the invasion through the host cell membrane or from the cytosol. Host cell RhoA and Rac1 were also activated after T. gondii tachyzoites invasion, which was needed for host cell cytoskeleton reorganization to facilitate intracellular pathogens invasion. The decisive domains for the RhoA accumulation on the PVM included the GTP/Mg²⁺ binding site, the mDia effector interaction site, the G1 box, the G2 box and the G5 box, respectively, which were related to the binding of GTP for enzymatic activity and mDia for the regulation of microtubules. The recruited CFP-RhoA on the PVM could not be activated by epithelial growth factor (EGF) and no translocation was observed, unlike the unassociated RhoA in the host cell cytosol that migrated to the cell membrane towards the EGF activation spot. This result supported the hypothesis that the recruited RhoA or Rac1 on the PVM were in the GTP-bound active form. Wild-type RhoA or Rac1 overexpressed cells had almost the same infection rates by T. gondii as the mock-treated cells, while RhoA-N19 or Rac1-N17 transfected cells and RhoA, Rac1 or RhoA + Rac1 siRNA-treated cells showed significantly diminished infection rates compared to mock cells.

Conclusions

The accumulation of the RhoA and Rac1 on the PVM and the requisite of their normal GTPase activity for efficient invasion implied their involvement and function in T. gondii invasion.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Na et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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